Inserm UMRS 938, Immune System, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; UPMC Univ-Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2013 Oct;169(10):715-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.07.023. Epub 2013 Sep 6.
Identification of disease-specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers allowing for an early characterization and accurate clinical follow-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is a major clinical objective. Increasing evidences implicate both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses in the pathophysiology of AD. Such disease-related B- and T-cell responses constitute a promising source of potential specific early biomarkers. Among them, levels of anti-Aβ antibodies in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid of patients may correlate with AD progression, clinical presentation of the disease, and occurrence of associated pathologies related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. In the same line, Aβ-specific T cell responses and immune regulatory populations implicated in their modulation appear to play a role in the pathophysiology of AD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Further characterization of both autoantibodies and T cell responses specific for disease-related proteins, i.e. Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau, will allow better deciphering their interest as early diagnostic and prognostic markers in AD. Biomarkers of adaptive immune responses specific for other pathological proteins may also apply to other neurological disorders associated with abnormal protein deposition.
确定疾病特异性的诊断和预后生物标志物，以便对阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者进行早期特征描述和准确的临床随访，是一个主要的临床目标。越来越多的证据表明，体液和细胞适应性免疫反应都与 AD 的病理生理学有关。这种与疾病相关的 B 细胞和 T 细胞反应是潜在特异性早期生物标志物的一个有希望的来源。其中，患者血清和/或脑脊液中的抗 Aβ 抗体水平可能与 AD 进展、疾病的临床表现以及与脑淀粉样血管病相关的相关病变的发生相关。同样，Aβ 特异性 T 细胞反应和参与其调节的免疫调节群体似乎在 AD 和脑淀粉样血管病的病理生理学中发挥作用。进一步对与疾病相关的蛋白质（即 Aβ 和过度磷酸化 Tau）特异性的自身抗体和 T 细胞反应进行特征描述，将有助于更好地理解它们作为 AD 早期诊断和预后标志物的意义。针对其他病理蛋白的适应性免疫反应的生物标志物也可能适用于与异常蛋白沉积相关的其他神经疾病。
