Talbott E O, Findlay R C, Kuller L H, Lenkner L A, Matthews K A, Day R D, Ishii E K
Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
J Occup Med. 1990 Aug;32(8):690-7.
The present study assessed the relationships among occupational noise exposure, noise-induced hearing loss, and high blood pressure. The study population consisted of 245 retired metal assembly workers from Pittsburgh aged 56 to 68 with chronic noise exposure of 30 or more years at greater than or equal to 89 dBA. Results of the audiometric testing indicated 52% of the younger workers (ages 56 to 63) have severe noise-induced hearing loss (greater than or equal to 65 dBA loss at 3, 4, or 6 kHz) and 67% of older workers (ages 64 to 68). Body mass index and alcohol intake were significantly related to systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Among older men, there was a marginally significant increased prevalence of high blood pressure (greater than or equal to 90 mm diastolic or taking blood pressure medicine) among those with severe noise-induced hearing loss (P = .05). Moreover, another measure of hearing loss at high frequencies, speech discrimination score in noise (measured in the better ear), referred to as the W-22 MAX score, was also found to be related to the prevalence of high blood pressure in the older (64 to 68) age group (P less than .05). Multiple regression analysis revealed W-22 MAX and severe noise-induced hearing loss were independent predictors of hypertension in the older, but not in the younger group of retired workers.
本研究评估了职业噪声暴露、噪声性听力损失和高血压之间的关系。研究对象为245名来自匹兹堡的退休金属装配工人，年龄在56至68岁之间，长期暴露于噪声环境中30年或更长时间，噪声水平大于或等于89分贝。听力测试结果表明，52%的年轻工人（56至63岁）患有严重的噪声性听力损失（在3、4或6千赫频率处听力损失大于或等于65分贝），67%的老年工人（64至68岁）患有严重的噪声性听力损失。体重指数和酒精摄入量与收缩压和舒张压显著相关。在老年男性中，患有严重噪声性听力损失的人群中高血压患病率（舒张压大于或等于90毫米汞柱或正在服用降压药）略有显著增加（P = 0.05）。此外，另一种高频听力损失的测量指标，即噪声环境下的言语辨别得分（在较好耳朵测量），称为W - 22 MAX得分，也被发现与老年（64至68岁）年龄组的高血压患病率相关（P小于0.05）。多元回归分析显示，W - 22 MAX得分和严重噪声性听力损失是老年退休工人高血压的独立预测因素，但在年轻退休工人组中并非如此。
