Stewart P A, Schairer C, Blair A
Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
J Occup Med. 1990 Aug;32(8):703-8.
We compared the jobs, estimates of exposures, and mortality experience of short-term (less than or equal to 1 year) and long-term (greater than 1 year) workers from nine plants producing formaldehyde or formaldehyde products. There were few jobs that were filled solely or primarily by newly hired workers. The estimated median level of formaldehyde exposure experienced by short-term workers on their first job was nearly identical to that for long-term workers, although short-term workers were more likely to be in jobs exposed to particulates than were long-term workers. As duration of employment increased, there was little change in the average estimated exposure level of formaldehyde, but the likelihood of being exposed to particulates decreased. Short-term workers had greater risks than long-term workers of dying from diseases of the circulatory system, arteriosclerotic heart disease, emphysema, diseases of the digestive system, cirrhosis of the liver, motor vehicle accidents, suicide and malignant neoplasms, particularly cancers of the stomach, colon, lung, prostate, and brain.
我们比较了来自九家生产甲醛或甲醛产品工厂的短期（小于或等于1年）和长期（大于1年）工人的工作、接触估计值和死亡率情况。几乎没有工作是仅由新雇佣工人或主要由新雇佣工人担任的。短期工人在其第一份工作中所经历的甲醛接触估计中位数水平与长期工人几乎相同，尽管短期工人比长期工人更有可能从事接触颗粒物的工作。随着就业时间的增加，甲醛平均估计接触水平变化不大，但接触颗粒物的可能性降低。短期工人死于循环系统疾病、动脉硬化性心脏病、肺气肿、消化系统疾病、肝硬化、机动车事故、自杀和恶性肿瘤，特别是胃癌、结肠癌、肺癌、前列腺癌和脑癌的风险比长期工人更高。
