Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C4 Celestino Mutis, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
J Econ Entomol. 2013 Aug;106(4):1602-7. doi: 10.1603/ec13203.
Injury to olive tree trunks and branches because of biotic and abiotic factors, such as pruning and mechanical harvesting, attracts the olive pyralid moth Euzophera pinguis Haworth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). This moth has become increasingly important in the Mediterranean region during recent years. The use of an entomopathogenic fungus for wound dressing for pest control is reported for the first time in this study. Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) strain EABb 08/04-Ep was originally obtained from a diseased E. pinguis larva and has shown effective E. pinguis control in an olive crop in Jaén, Andalusia, Spain, under field conditions during the spring and fall of 2008 and 2009 and the spring of 2011. Experimental artificial 30 by 30-mm square wound cages were large enough to allow the E. pinguis females to oviposit. Approximately 80 and 40-60% of the control wounds contained live larvae in the experiments that occurred during the spring and fall, respectively. The B. hassiana wound dressing gave similar results as the chlorpyrifos wound dressing throughout the experiment, with efficacies reaching 80-85% in the spring and 90-95% in the autumn. The B. bassiana fungus was recovered from 60-90% of the wounds at the completion of the experiments and after 60 d of treatment. These data indicate that strain EABb 08/04-Ep applied to the pruning wounds can be an effective tool for the microbial control of E. pinguis in olive crops. Moreover, B. bassiana may be used within integrated pest management strategies to minimize chemicals, depending on the population density of the pyralid moth.
由于生物和非生物因素（如修剪和机械收获）对橄榄树树干和树枝造成的伤害，吸引了橄榄潜蛾 Euzophera pinguis Haworth（鳞翅目：Pyralidae）。近年来，这种飞蛾在地中海地区变得越来越重要。本研究首次报道了利用一种昆虫病原真菌对伤口进行敷料处理来控制害虫。贝氏拟青霉（子囊菌门：Hypocreales）菌株 EABb 08/04-Ep 最初是从患病的 E. pinguis 幼虫中获得的，在西班牙安达卢西亚哈恩的橄榄作物中，在 2008 年和 2009 年的春季和秋季以及 2011 年的春季的田间条件下，对 E. pinguis 具有有效的控制作用。实验中使用的人工 30×30 毫米正方形伤口笼足够大，可以让 E. pinguis 雌虫产卵。在春季和秋季进行的实验中，分别约有 80%和 40-60%的对照伤口中含有活幼虫。在整个实验过程中，贝氏拟青霉伤口敷料与毒死蜱伤口敷料的效果相似，春季的疗效达到 80-85%，秋季的疗效达到 90-95%。在实验结束时和处理后 60 天，从 60-90%的伤口中回收了贝氏拟青霉菌。这些数据表明，在修剪伤口上应用菌株 EABb 08/04-Ep 可以成为橄榄作物中有效控制 E. pinguis 的微生物工具。此外，根据潜蛾的种群密度，贝氏拟青霉可用于综合虫害管理策略中，以尽量减少化学物质的使用。
