University of California Cooperative Extension, Central Sierra Region, 311 Fair Lane, Placerville, CA 95667, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2013 Aug;106(4):1716-25. doi: 10.1603/ec13046.
The mealybug Ferrisia gilli Gullan is an emerging pest of wine grapes grown in California's Sierra foothills. A relatively new species, it had previously been recorded as a pest of pistachio, almond, and ornamentals. It was first reported on grape in El Dorado County in 2003 and has since established and spread. Nondestructive monitoring of grape vine sections was conducted in untreated vineyard plots and compared with destructive sampling conducted in grower-treated plots in 2008 and 2009 to determine F. gilli life stage seasonal presence, number of generations, location on the vine during the season, and damage potential to fruit clusters. Two generations were observed to be completed during the season. F. gilli overwintered under the bark at the base of the trunk, trunk, and cordon as second and third instars. Adults were found at the base of emerging shoots (spring) or on and under bark of old and new spurs. Live crawlers were born in June (first generation) and late August to September (second generation), and migrated to leaves to feed before moving to protected locations under bark or into fruit clusters. Lower mealybug densities and fruit damage were recorded on vines with than without insecticide treatment(s). Parasitized mealybugs were collected in low numbers and an Acerophagus sp. was the dominant parasitoid.
加利福尼亚州内华达山脉丘陵地带种植的酿酒葡萄受到粉蚧 Ferrisia gilli Gullan 的侵害，这种粉蚧是一种新兴的虫害。它是一个相对较新的物种，此前曾被记录为开心果、杏仁和观赏植物的害虫。它于 2003 年在埃尔多拉多县首次报告在葡萄上出现，并已建立和传播。2008 年和 2009 年，在未经处理的葡萄园地块中进行了对葡萄藤节段的非破坏性监测，并与种植者处理的地块中的破坏性抽样进行了比较，以确定 F. gilli 生活阶段的季节性存在、世代数量、季节期间在葡萄藤上的位置以及对果实簇的潜在损害。观察到两个世代在本季完成。F. gilli 以二龄和三龄幼虫的形式在树干、树干和蔓茎的基部的树皮下越冬。成虫在新梢（春季）或旧和新梢的树皮上和下方发现。活的爬行幼虫于 6 月（第一代）和 8 月底至 9 月（第二代）出生，并在移动到受保护的树皮下或进入果实簇之前迁移到叶子上取食。与未经杀虫剂处理的葡萄藤相比，记录到的粉蚧密度和果实损伤较低。寄生性粉蚧的采集数量较少，Acerophagus sp. 是优势寄生蜂。
