Dpto de Fisioloxía Vexetal, Fac. de Bioloxía, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
J Econ Entomol. 2010 Jun;103(3):619-30. doi: 10.1603/ec09234.
The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is the main grapevine pest in vineyards in some countries, such as Spain and Brazil. In Galician vineyards (northwestern Spain), mealybug population levels are low because the accumulated degree-days are lower than in other grapevine-growing areas. The main problem caused by mealybugs is the transmission of viruses, even at low infestation levels. The active period of citrus mealybug in the study vineyard lasted from July until December, with an important movement peak at the end of July and August and a lower peak in November. The mealybug mainly moved upward along arbor-trained plants, and there were no important downward movements at the end of the season as has been described for other grapevine mealybugs. The mealybugs were normally restricted to the woody organs and were only present on leaves, branches, and green canes (always close to woody parts) in plants with high infestations. The movement of mealybugs between plants does not seem to take place by contact between green organs. Passive aerial transport and movement of pruning remains may play an important role in mealybug movement and thus in spread of the virus. The number of mealybugs carrying Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) was found to represent approximately 75% of mealybugs caught in a GLRaV-3 infected vineyard.
柑橘粉蚧，Planococcus citri（Risso）（半翅目：粉蚧科），是一些国家（如西班牙和巴西）葡萄园的主要葡萄藤害虫。在加利西亚（西班牙西北部）的葡萄园里，由于积温比其他葡萄种植区低，粉蚧种群水平较低。粉蚧主要造成的问题是传播病毒，即使在低感染水平下也是如此。在研究葡萄园里，柑橘粉蚧的活跃期从 7 月持续到 12 月，7 月底和 8 月有一个重要的活动高峰，11 月有一个较低的高峰。粉蚧主要沿着藤本植物向上移动，在季节结束时没有重要的向下移动，这与其他葡萄粉蚧的描述不同。粉蚧通常局限于木质器官，只有在高感染的植物中，才会出现在叶片、枝条和绿色嫩枝上（始终靠近木质部分）。粉蚧之间似乎不会通过绿色器官的接触进行迁移。被动的空气传播和修剪残留物的移动可能在粉蚧的迁移和病毒的传播中起着重要作用。在感染了 Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3（GLRaV-3）的葡萄园里，携带 GLRaV-3 的粉蚧数量约占捕获粉蚧数量的 75%。
