Aquatic Biodiversity Section, Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, St. Lawrence Centre, Environment Canada, 105 McGill, 7th Floor, Montreal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada.
Oecologia. 2014 Jan;174(1):253-62. doi: 10.1007/s00442-013-2757-x. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
Recent studies of aquatic food webs show that parasite diversity is concentrated in nodes that likely favour transmission. Various aspects of parasite diversity have been observed to be correlated with the trophic level, size, diet breadth, and vulnerability to predation of hosts. However, no study has attempted to distinguish among all four correlates, which may have differential importance for trophically transmitted parasites occurring as larvae or adults. We searched for factors that best predict the diversity of larval and adult endoparasites in 4105 fish in 25 species studied over a three-year period in the Bothnian Bay, Finland. Local predator-prey relationships were determined from stomach contents, parasites, and published data in 8,229 fish in 31 species and in seals and piscivorous birds. Fish that consumed more species of prey had more diverse trophically transmitted adult parasites. Larval parasite diversity increased with the diversity of both prey and predators, but increases in predator diversity had a greater effect. Prey diversity was more strongly associated with the diversity of adult parasites than with that of larvae. The proportion of parasite species present as larvae in a host species was correlated with the diversity of its predators. There was a notable lack of association with the diversity of any parasite guild and fish length, trophic level, or trophic category. Thus, diversity is associated with different nodal properties in larval and adult parasites, and association strengths also differ, strongly reflecting the life cycles of parasites and the food chains they follow to complete transmission.
最近对水生食物网的研究表明，寄生虫多样性集中在可能有利于传播的节点上。已经观察到寄生虫多样性的各个方面与宿主的营养水平、大小、饮食广度和易受捕食的脆弱性相关。然而，没有研究试图区分所有四个相关因素，这些因素对于以幼虫或成虫形式存在的营养传播寄生虫可能具有不同的重要性。我们在三年内研究了芬兰博特尼亚湾的 25 个物种中的 4105 条鱼，寻找最能预测幼虫和成年内寄生虫多样性的因素。通过对 31 个物种中的 8229 条鱼的胃内容物、寄生虫和已发表的数据进行分析，确定了局部捕食者-猎物关系。鱼类消耗的猎物种类越多，其营养传播的成年寄生虫的多样性就越大。幼虫寄生虫的多样性随着猎物和捕食者多样性的增加而增加，但捕食者多样性的增加影响更大。猎物多样性与成年寄生虫的多样性比与幼虫的多样性更为相关。在宿主物种中以幼虫形式存在的寄生虫种类比例与捕食者的多样性相关。值得注意的是，寄生虫类群的多样性与鱼类的长度、营养水平或营养类别没有明显的关联。因此，多样性与幼虫和成年寄生虫的不同节点特性相关，关联强度也不同，这强烈反映了寄生虫的生命周期及其完成传播所遵循的食物链。
