Kuhn Jesper A, Kristoffersen Roar, Knudsen Rune, Jakobsen Jonas, Marcogliese David J, Locke Sean A, Primicerio Raul, Amundsen Per-Arne
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway,
Parasitol Res. 2015 Apr;114(4):1327-39. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4309-2. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
Co-introduction and colonization of parasites with the introduction of new host species into aquatic habitats may depend on the host specificity and dispersal capabilities of the parasites. We compared the metazoan parasite community of an introduced three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) population with that of the nearby source population in subarctic Norway. As expected from a small spatial scale (5 km), the parasite component communities in the two lakes were highly similar. All identifiable allogenic parasite taxa (Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, Diphyllobothrium ditremum, Diphyllobothrium spp., Schistocephalus solidus, Apatemon sp. and Diplostomum spp.) were also observed in both lakes while inter-lake differences were driven by autogenic parasite taxa (Eubothrium spp., Crepidostomum spp., Nematoda spp., Proteocephalus sp. and Gyrodactylus arcuatus). Contrary to expectation, the total number of parasite taxa was higher in the introduced stickleback population (12) compared to that found in the source population (9) with three parasite taxa (Eubothrium spp., Crepidostomum spp., Nematoda spp.) only occurring in the introduced population. These parasites were uncommon however and normally restricted to salmonids. Sticklebacks from both populations were heavily infected, particularly with eye-infecting metacercariae. Sequences from the DNA barcode region of cytochrome oxidase 1 indicated that these include Diplostomum lineage 6, a member of the Diplostomum baeri complex and a member of the Strigeinae. Despite high similarity between the two component communities, quantitative inter-lake differences were found at the infracommunity level. At this scale, parasite intensity was significantly higher in the source population for the two autogenic stickleback specialists: G. arcuatus and Proteocephalus sp., assumed to be the autogenic stickleback specialist Proteocephalus filicollis. Parasite infracommunities within each lake also resembled each other significantly more than infracommunities between lakes, primarily driven by the allogenic cestode D. ditremum, as well as G. arcuatus and Proteocephalus sp. Overall, quantitative dissimilarities between the two parasite communities were possibly explained by inter-lake differences in the density of sticklebacks and intermediate hosts.
随着新宿主物种被引入水生栖息地，寄生虫的共同引入和定殖可能取决于寄生虫的宿主特异性和扩散能力。我们比较了挪威亚北极地区一个引入的三刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）种群与附近源种群的后生动物寄生虫群落。从小空间尺度（5公里）来看，正如预期的那样，两个湖泊中的寄生虫组成群落高度相似。在两个湖泊中都观察到了所有可识别的异源寄生虫类群（树枝状裂头绦虫、双孔裂头绦虫、裂头绦虫属、坚实头槽绦虫、阿帕特蒙属和复口吸虫属），而湖泊间的差异是由同源寄生虫类群（真叶属、冠口属、线虫属、头槽绦虫属和弓形三代虫）驱动的。与预期相反，引入的三刺鱼种群中的寄生虫类群总数（12种）高于源种群（9种），有三种寄生虫类群（真叶属、冠口属、线虫属）仅出现在引入种群中。然而，这些寄生虫并不常见，通常仅限于鲑科鱼类。两个种群的三刺鱼都受到了严重感染，尤其是眼部感染的尾蚴。细胞色素氧化酶1的DNA条形码区域的序列表明，这些包括复口吸虫谱系6、巴氏复口吸虫复合体的一个成员和微茎科的一个成员。尽管两个组成群落之间高度相似，但在群落内水平上发现了湖泊间的数量差异。在这个尺度上，对于两种同源三刺鱼专性寄生虫：弓形三代虫和假定为同源三刺鱼专性寄生虫的丝状头槽绦虫，源种群中的寄生虫感染强度显著更高。每个湖泊内的寄生虫群落彼此之间也比湖泊间的群落更为相似，主要是由异源绦虫双孔裂头绦虫以及弓形三代虫和头槽绦虫属驱动的。总体而言，两个寄生虫群落之间的数量差异可能是由湖泊间三刺鱼和中间宿主密度的差异所解释的。
