Pavlickova Hana, Turnbull Oliver H, Bentall Richard P
School of Psychology, Bangor University, UK.
Psychol Psychother. 2014 Sep;87(3):311-23. doi: 10.1111/papt.12015. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
Self-esteem is a key feature of bipolar symptomatology. However, so far no study has examined the interaction between explicit and implicit self-esteem in individuals vulnerable to bipolar disorder.
Cross-sectional design was employed.
Thirty children of parents with bipolar disorder and 30 offspring of control parents completed Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Bech-Rafaelson Mania Scale, the Self-esteem Rating Scale and the Implicit Association Test.
No differences between groups were revealed in levels of explicit or implicit self-esteem. However, bipolar offspring showed increased levels of symptoms of depression and mania. Furthermore, depressive symptoms were associated with low explicit self-esteem, whilst symptoms of mania were associated with low implicit self-esteem. When self-esteem discrepancies were examined, damaged self-esteem (i.e., low explicit but high implicit self-esteem) was associated with depression, whilst no associations between mania and self-esteem discrepancies were found.
Not only explicit, but also implicit self-esteem, and the interactions between the two are of relevance in bipolar symptoms. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
Explicit as well as implicit SE, and particularly their relationship, are relevant for mental health. Fluctuations in implicit SE may serve as an early indicator for risk of bipolarity. Psychotherapeutic approaches may be more suitable for one kind of SE challenge than the other.
自尊是双相情感障碍症状学的一个关键特征。然而，迄今为止，尚无研究探讨易患双相情感障碍个体的外显自尊和内隐自尊之间的相互作用。
采用横断面设计。
30名双相情感障碍患者的子女和30名对照父母的后代完成了汉密尔顿抑郁量表、贝奇-拉法尔森躁狂量表、自尊评定量表和内隐联想测验。
两组在外显自尊或内隐自尊水平上均未显示出差异。然而，双相情感障碍患者的后代抑郁和躁狂症状水平有所增加。此外，抑郁症状与低外显自尊相关，而躁狂症状与低内隐自尊相关。当检查自尊差异时，受损自尊（即低外显但高内隐自尊）与抑郁相关，而未发现躁狂与自尊差异之间存在关联。
不仅外显自尊，而且内隐自尊以及两者之间的相互作用在双相情感障碍症状中都具有相关性。讨论了临床意义和未来的研究方向。
外显自尊和内隐自尊，尤其是它们之间的关系，与心理健康相关。内隐自尊的波动可能是双相情感障碍风险的早期指标。心理治疗方法可能对一种自尊挑战比另一种更合适。
