Mental Health Care Institute, GGZ Oost-Brabant, Burg. Kuyperlaan 5, 5461 AA Veghel, The Netherlands.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012 Mar;43(1):638-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.006. Epub 2011 Sep 10.
The aim of the present study was to examine whether explicit and implicit self-esteem, the interaction between these two constructs, and their discrepancy are associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. Participants were 95 young female adults (M = 21.2 years, SD = 1.88) enrolled in higher education. We administered the Name Letter Task to measure implicit self-esteem, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to assess explicit self-esteem. The results indicated that explicit but not implicit self-esteem was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. The interaction of implicit and explicit self-esteem was associated with suicidal ideation, indicating that participants with high implicit self-esteem combined with a low explicit self-esteem showed more suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the size of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem was positively associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. In addition, results showed that the direction of the discrepancy is an important: damaged self-esteem (high implicit self-esteem combined with low explicit self-esteem) was consistently associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness, while defensive or fragile self-esteem (high explicit and low implicit self-esteem) was not. Together, these findings provide new insights into the relationship of implicit and explicit self-esteem with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness.
本研究旨在探讨外显自尊和内隐自尊、这两个结构之间的相互作用及其差异是否与抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感有关。参与者为 95 名年轻女性成年人（M=21.2 岁，SD=1.88），他们都接受过高等教育。我们采用姓名字母任务来衡量内隐自尊，采用罗森伯格自尊量表来评估外显自尊。结果表明，外显自尊而非内隐自尊与抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感呈负相关。内隐自尊和外显自尊的相互作用与自杀意念有关，表明内隐自尊高而外显自尊低的参与者表现出更多的自杀意念。此外，内隐自尊和外显自尊之间差异的大小与抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感呈正相关。此外，研究结果表明，差异的方向很重要：受损的自尊（内隐自尊高而外显自尊低）与抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感的水平升高一致相关，而防御性或脆弱的自尊（外显自尊高而内隐自尊低）则不然。综上所述，这些发现为内隐自尊和外显自尊与抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感的关系提供了新的见解。
