Department of Exercise Science; 106 Smith Fieldhouse, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84003, USA.
Muscle Nerve. 2014 Feb;49(2):155-70. doi: 10.1002/mus.24077. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
The response of skeletal muscle to unaccustomed eccentric exercise has been studied widely, yet it is incompletely understood. This review is intended to provide an up-to-date overview of our understanding of how skeletal muscle responds to eccentric actions, with particular emphasis on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of damage and recovery. This review begins by addressing the question of whether eccentric actions result in physical damage to muscle fibers and/or connective tissue. We next review the symptomatic manifestations of eccentric exercise (i.e., indirect damage markers, such as delayed onset muscle soreness), with emphasis on their relatively poorly understood molecular underpinnings. We then highlight factors that potentially modify the muscle damage response following eccentric exercise. Finally, we explore the utility of using eccentric training to improve muscle function in populations of healthy and aging individuals, as well as those living with neuromuscular disorders.
骨骼肌对不习惯的离心运动的反应已经被广泛研究，但仍不完全了解。这篇综述旨在提供对骨骼肌如何对离心运动做出反应的最新认识，特别强调损伤和恢复的潜在分子和细胞机制。这篇综述首先探讨了离心运动是否会导致肌肉纤维和/或结缔组织的物理损伤的问题。接下来，我们回顾了离心运动的症状表现（即，延迟发作的肌肉酸痛等间接损伤标志物），重点探讨了它们相对不太清楚的分子基础。然后，我们强调了可能改变离心运动后肌肉损伤反应的因素。最后，我们探讨了使用离心训练来改善健康和衰老人群以及患有神经肌肉疾病人群的肌肉功能的效用。
