Kotsovilis Sotirios, Andreakos Evangelos
Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Center of Immunology and Transplantation, Immunobiology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Hellas, Greece.
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1060:37-59. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-586-6_3.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are antibodies of a single antigen specificity produced by identical immune cells, i.e., clones of a common germ cell. They offer unprecedented opportunities to drug development because of their ability to target almost any cell surface or secreted molecule with remarkable efficacy and safety. In this chapter, the application of human mAbs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases is reviewed. We discuss in detail several mAb-based drugs such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF), anti-interleukin-1 (anti-IL-1) receptor, anti-IL-6 receptor, anti-α4 integrin subunit, and anti-CD20 agents, all of which have been documented by clinical trials to be efficacious and have been approved for the therapy of several inflammatory and immune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, spondyloarthropathies, juvenile arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and others. These novel drugs can be used either as a monotherapy or in combination with other conventional therapeutic modalities, particularly if the disease under treatment is refractory to therapy using solely conventional techniques. As a large variety of mAb-based agents targeting a plethora of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion and co-stimulatory molecules, receptors, as well as diverse cell types, are presently under investigation, the therapeutic armamentarium of the clinician is expected to greatly broaden in the near future, providing improved patient care for a wide range of devastating diseases of our times.
单克隆抗体（mAbs）是由相同免疫细胞产生的具有单一抗原特异性的抗体，即源自共同生殖细胞的克隆。由于它们能够以卓越的疗效和安全性靶向几乎任何细胞表面或分泌分子，因此为药物开发提供了前所未有的机遇。在本章中，将对人源单克隆抗体在炎症性疾病治疗中的应用进行综述。我们将详细讨论几种基于单克隆抗体的药物，如抗肿瘤坏死因子（抗TNF）、抗白细胞介素-1（抗IL-1）受体、抗IL-6受体、抗α4整合素亚基和抗CD20药物，所有这些药物均已通过临床试验证明有效，并已被批准用于治疗多种炎症和免疫疾病，包括类风湿性关节炎、克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎、脊柱关节病、青少年关节炎、银屑病、银屑病关节炎等。这些新型药物既可以作为单一疗法使用，也可以与其他传统治疗方式联合使用，特别是在仅使用传统技术治疗的疾病难以治愈的情况下。由于目前正在研究多种针对大量细胞因子、趋化因子、黏附分子和共刺激分子、受体以及不同细胞类型的基于单克隆抗体的药物，预计临床医生的治疗手段在不久的将来将大大拓宽，为我们这个时代的各种毁灭性疾病提供更好的患者护理。
