葡萄提取物可抑制霍乱毒素在细胞生物学中的多个环节。
Grape extracts inhibit multiple events in the cell biology of cholera intoxication.
机构信息
Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America ; Lake Highland Preparatory School, Orlando, Florida, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2013 Sep 5;8(9):e73390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073390. eCollection 2013.
Vibrio cholerae produces cholera toxin (CT), an AB5 protein toxin that is primarily responsible for the profuse watery diarrhea of cholera. CT is secreted into the extracellular milieu, but the toxin attacks its Gsα target within the cytosol of a host cell. Thus, CT must cross a cellular membrane barrier in order to function. This event only occurs after the toxin travels by retrograde vesicular transport from the cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The catalytic A1 polypeptide then dissociates from the rest of the toxin and assumes an unfolded conformation that facilitates its transfer to the cytosol by a process involving the quality control system of ER-associated degradation. Productive intoxication is blocked by alterations to the vesicular transport of CT and/or the ER-to-cytosol translocation of CTA1. Various plant compounds have been reported to inhibit the cytopathic activity of CT, so in this work we evaluated the potential anti-CT properties of grape extract. Two grape extracts currently sold as nutritional supplements inhibited CT and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin activity against cultured cells and intestinal loops. CT intoxication was blocked even when the extracts were added an hour after the initial toxin exposure. A specific subset of host-toxin interactions involving both the catalytic CTA1 subunit and the cell-binding CTB pentamer were affected. The extracts blocked toxin binding to the cell surface, prevented unfolding of the isolated CTA1 subunit, inhibited CTA1 translocation to the cytosol, and disrupted the catalytic activity of CTA1. Grape extract could thus potentially serve as a novel therapeutic to prevent or possibly treat cholera.
霍乱弧菌产生霍乱毒素(CT),一种主要负责霍乱大量水样腹泻的 AB5 蛋白毒素。CT 被分泌到细胞外环境中,但毒素在宿主细胞的细胞质中攻击其 Gsα 靶标。因此,CT 必须穿过细胞膜屏障才能发挥作用。只有在毒素通过逆行小泡运输从细胞表面返回到内质网(ER)后,才会发生这种情况。然后,催化 A1 多肽与毒素的其余部分解离,并采取展开构象,通过涉及 ER 相关降解的质量控制系统促进其向细胞质的转移。通过改变 CT 的小泡运输和/或 CTA1 的 ER 到细胞质易位,可以阻断产毒性中毒。已经报道了各种植物化合物可以抑制 CT 的细胞病变活性,因此在这项工作中,我们评估了葡萄提取物的潜在抗 CT 特性。两种目前作为营养补充剂销售的葡萄提取物抑制 CT 和大肠杆菌不耐热毒素对培养细胞和肠环的活性。即使在提取物在初始毒素暴露后 1 小时添加时,CT 中毒也被阻断。涉及催化 CTA1 亚基和细胞结合 CTB 五聚体的宿主-毒素相互作用的特定亚组受到影响。提取物阻止毒素与细胞表面结合,防止分离的 CTA1 亚基展开,抑制 CTA1 向细胞质易位,并破坏 CTA1 的催化活性。因此,葡萄提取物可能作为一种新型治疗方法来预防或可能治疗霍乱。
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