Department of Social Policy, Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, Universidad Loyola, Andalucía, Seville, Spain.
PLoS One. 2013 Sep 5;8(9):e74252. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074252. eCollection 2013.
Studies have shown that perceived discrimination has an impact on our physical and mental health. A relevant part of literature has highlighted the influence of discrimination based on race or ethnicity on mental and physical health outcomes. However, the influence of other types of discrimination on health has been understudied. This study is aimed to explore how different types of discrimination are related to our subjective state of health, and so to compare the intensity of these relationships in the European context.
We have performed a multilevel ordered analysis on the fifth wave of the European Social Survey (ESS 2010). This dataset has 52,458 units at individual level that are grouped in 26 European countries. In this study, the dependent variable is self-rated health (SRH) that is analyzed in relationship to ten explanatory variables of perceived discrimination: color or race, nationality, religion, language, ethnic group, age, gender, sexuality, disability and others.
The model identifies statistically significant differences in the effect that diverse types of perceived discrimination can generate on the self-rated health of Europeans. Specifically, this study identifies three well-defined types of perceived discrimination that can be related to poor health outcomes: (1) age discrimination; (2) disability discrimination; and (3) sexuality discrimination. In this sense, the effect on self-rated health of perceived discrimination related to aging and disabilities seems to be more relevant than other types of discrimination in the European context with a longer tradition in literature (e.g. ethnic and/or race-based).
The present study shows that the relationship between perceived discrimination and health inequities in Europe are not random, but systematically distributed depending on factors such as age, sexuality and disabilities. Therefore the future orientation of EU social policies should aim to reduce the impact of these social determinants on health equity.
研究表明，感知歧视会对我们的身心健康产生影响。相关文献强调了基于种族或族裔的歧视对身心健康结果的影响。然而，其他类型的歧视对健康的影响尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在探讨不同类型的歧视如何与我们的主观健康状况相关，并在欧洲背景下比较这些关系的强度。
我们对第五轮欧洲社会调查（ESS 2010）进行了多层次有序分析。该数据集在个体层面上有 52458 个单位，分为 26 个欧洲国家。在这项研究中，因变量是自我评估健康（SRH），它与十种感知歧视的解释变量相关：肤色或种族、国籍、宗教、语言、族裔、年龄、性别、性取向、残疾和其他。
该模型确定了不同类型的感知歧视对欧洲人自我评估健康产生影响的统计学差异。具体而言，本研究确定了三种与健康不良结果相关的明确类型的感知歧视：（1）年龄歧视；（2）残疾歧视；（3）性取向歧视。在这种意义上，与老龄化和残疾相关的感知歧视对自我评估健康的影响似乎比欧洲文献中具有更长传统的其他类型的歧视（例如基于族裔和/或种族的歧视）更为重要。
本研究表明，欧洲感知歧视与健康不平等之间的关系不是随机的，而是系统地分布的，取决于年龄、性别和残疾等因素。因此，欧盟社会政策的未来方向应旨在减少这些社会决定因素对健康公平的影响。
