INSERM, U992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France; Language and Brain Lab, School of Education and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Cognition. 2013 Dec;129(3):512-29. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.07.007. Epub 2013 Sep 14.
How do we understand two-digit numbers such as 42? Models of multi-digit number comprehension differ widely. Some postulate that the decades and units digits are processed separately and possibly serially. Others hypothesize a holistic process which maps the entire 2-digit string onto a magnitude, represented as a position on a number line. In educated adults, the number line is thought to be linear, but the "number sense" hypothesis proposes that a logarithmic scale underlies our intuitions of number size, and that this compressive representation may still be dormant in the adult brain. We investigated these issues by asking adults to point to the location of two-digit numbers on a number line while their finger location was continuously monitored. Finger trajectories revealed a linear scale, yet with a transient logarithmic effect suggesting the activation of a compressive and holistic quantity representation. Units and decades digits were processed in parallel, without any difference in left-to-right vs. right-to-left readers. The late part of the trajectory was influenced by spatial reference points placed at the left end, middle, and right end of the line. Altogether, finger trajectory analysis provides a precise cognitive decomposition of the sequence of stages used in converting a number to a quantity and then a position.
我们如何理解像 42 这样的两位数?多位数理解模型差异很大。一些人假设十位和个位数字是分开处理的,可能是串行的。另一些人假设了一个整体的过程,将整个两位数映射到一个数量上,表示为数字线上的一个位置。在受过教育的成年人中,数字线被认为是线性的,但“数感”假说提出,对数尺度是我们对数字大小的直觉的基础,而这种压缩表示在成年人大脑中可能仍然处于休眠状态。我们通过要求成年人在数字线上指出两位数的位置,同时连续监测他们的手指位置来研究这些问题。手指轨迹显示出线性尺度,但存在瞬时对数效应,表明压缩和整体数量表示的激活。单位和十位数被并行处理,无论是从左到右还是从右到左的读者都没有区别。轨迹的后半部分受到放置在线条左、中、右端的空间参考点的影响。总的来说,手指轨迹分析提供了一个精确的认知分解,用于将数字转换为数量,然后转换为位置的序列阶段。