Tillman P G, Cottrell T E, Mizell R F, Kramer E
USDA, ARS, Crop Protection and Management Research Laboratory, PO Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
USDA, ARS, Southeastern Fruit and Nut Tree Research Laboratory, 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA 31008, USA.
Bull Entomol Res. 2014 Feb;104(1):56-64. doi: 10.1017/S0007485313000497. Epub 2013 Sep 18.
Stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), including Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus servus (Say), and Chinavia hilaris (Say), are economic pests in farmscapes where they move within and between closely associated crop and non-crop habitats. Thus, field edges in these farmscapes include not only crop-to-crop interfaces but also those edges adjoining non-crop habitats. We examined the influence of field edges on colonization of stink bugs in southeastern USA farmscapes composed of typical combinations of corn, peanut, and cotton. For E. servus and N. viridula, egg-to-adult development and presence of both sexes on all crops indicated that the crops served as reproductive plants. Adult C. hilaris were rarely found on corn and on crops associated with it, and they were present mainly in cotton in peanut-cotton farmscapes. Mature crop height was significantly higher for corn than for cotton and significantly higher for cotton over peanut, and an edge effect in dispersal of stink bugs into a crop was detected up to 4.6, 8.2, and 14.6 m from the crop-to-crop interface in corn, cotton, and peanut, respectively. These results suggest that stink bug dispersal into a crop decreases as crop height increases. The first stink bug-infested crop at the crop-to-crop interface was the most significant contributor of colonizing stink bugs to an adjacent crop. An edge effect in dispersal of stink bug adults was detected in corn next to non-woodlands and woodlands and in cotton adjacent to woodlands. Edge effects were never detected in side edges of peanut. Overall, our results indicate that both plant height and host plant suitability can influence edge-mediated dispersal of stink bugs at field edges.
椿象（半翅目：蝽科），包括稻绿蝽（Nezara viridula (L.)）、褐足角胸蝽（Euschistus servus (Say)）和稻棘缘蝽（Chinavia hilaris (Say)），是农田景观中的经济害虫，它们在紧密相连的作物和非作物栖息地之间移动。因此，这些农田景观中的田边不仅包括作物与作物之间的界面，还包括与非作物栖息地相邻的边缘地带。我们研究了田边对美国东南部由玉米、花生和棉花典型组合构成的农田景观中椿象定殖的影响。对于褐足角胸蝽和稻绿蝽，从卵到成虫的发育过程以及在所有作物上两性的存在表明这些作物是繁殖植物。稻棘缘蝽成虫很少在玉米及其相关作物上被发现，它们主要出现在花生 - 棉花农田景观的棉花中。成熟作物高度玉米显著高于棉花，棉花显著高于花生，并且在距玉米、棉花和花生作物与作物界面分别达4.6米、8.2米和14.6米处检测到椿象扩散到作物中的边缘效应。这些结果表明，随着作物高度增加，椿象扩散到作物中的情况减少。作物与作物界面处首个被椿象侵染的作物是定殖椿象扩散到相邻作物的最重要来源。在非林地和林地旁边的玉米以及林地附近的棉花中检测到椿象成虫扩散的边缘效应。在花生的侧边从未检测到边缘效应。总体而言，我们的结果表明，植株高度和寄主植物适宜性均可影响田边边缘介导的椿象扩散。
