Tillman Glynn
Crop Protection & Management Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
Insects. 2017 Jun 24;8(3):65. doi: 10.3390/insects8030065.
Adult parasitoids of pest insects rely on floral resources for survival and reproduction, but can be food-deprived in intensively managed agricultural systems lacking these resources. Stink bugs are serious pests for crops in southwest Georgia. Provisioning nectar-producing plants for parasitoids of stink bugs potentially can enhance biocontrol of these pests. Knowledge of spatial and temporal availability and distribution of stink bugs in host plants is necessary for appropriate timing and placement of flowering plants in agroecosystems. Stink bugs move between closely associated host plants throughout the growing season in response to deteriorating suitability of their host plants. In peanut-cotton farmscapes, stink bugs develop in peanut, and subsequently the adults disperse into adjacent cotton. Parasitism of (L.) adults by (F.) at the peanut-cotton interface was significantly higher in cotton with a strip of milkweed or buckwheat between the two crops than in cotton alone. Milkweed and buckwheat also provided nectar to a wide range of insect pollinators. Monarch butterflies fed on milkweed. When placed between peanut and cotton, a strip of soybean was an effective trap crop for cotton, reducing economic damage. Incorporation of buckwheat near soybean enhanced parasitism of (Say) eggs by Ashmead in cotton. In conclusion, nectar provision enhances biocontrol of stink bugs, acts together with other management tactics for stink bug control, and aids in conservation of natural enemies, insect pollinators, and the monarch butterfly.
害虫的成年寄生蜂依靠花卉资源生存和繁殖，但在缺乏这些资源的集约化管理农业系统中可能会面临食物短缺。椿象是佐治亚州西南部农作物的严重害虫。为椿象的寄生蜂提供产蜜植物可能会增强对这些害虫的生物防治。了解椿象在寄主植物中的时空可用性和分布情况，对于在农业生态系统中适时、适当地种植开花植物至关重要。在整个生长季节，椿象会根据寄主植物适宜性的下降，在紧密相关的寄主植物之间移动。在花生 - 棉花种植景观中，椿象在花生上发育，随后成虫扩散到相邻的棉花田中。在花生和棉花交界处，当两种作物之间有一条马利筋或荞麦带时，棉株上的（某种椿象）成虫被（某种寄生蜂）寄生的比例显著高于单一种植棉花的情况。马利筋和荞麦也为多种昆虫传粉者提供花蜜。黑脉金斑蝶以马利筋为食。当种植在花生和棉花之间时，一条大豆带是棉花的有效诱集作物，可减少经济损失。在大豆附近种植荞麦可增强阿什米德氏（某种寄生蜂）对棉花中（某种椿象）卵的寄生。总之，提供花蜜可增强对椿象的生物防治，与其他椿象防治管理策略协同作用，并有助于保护天敌、昆虫传粉者和黑脉金斑蝶。
