Research Assistant Professor, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Pomona, CA , USA.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013 Dec;22(12):1613-26. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2013.833183. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
Nutraceutical is a food, or part of a food, used for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases. A number of nutraceuticals serve as candidates for development of prostate cancer chemopreventive agents because of promising epidemiological, preclinical and pilot clinical findings. Their mechanisms of action may involve an ability to target multiple molecular pathways in carcinogenesis without eliciting toxic side effects.
This review provides an overview of several nutraceuticals, including green tea polyphenol, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, lycopene, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol and sulforaphane, for the clinical relevance to chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Their mechanisms of action on regulating key processes of carcinogenesis are also discussed. For each of these agents, a brief summary of completed or currently ongoing clinical trials related to the chemopreventive efficacy on prostate cancer is given.
Even though a few clinical trials have been conducted, review of these results indicate that further studies are required to confirm the clinical efficacy and safety, and to provide a guidance on how to use nutraceuticals for optimal effect. Future cancer prevention clinical trials for the nutraceuticals should recruit men with an increased risk of prostate cancer.
营养保健品是一种食品，或食品的一部分，用于预防和/或治疗疾病。由于有前途的流行病学、临床前和初步临床发现，许多营养保健品被认为是开发前列腺癌化学预防剂的候选物。它们的作用机制可能涉及靶向致癌作用中多个分子途径的能力，而不会引起毒性副作用。
本综述概述了几种营养保健品，包括绿茶多酚、ω-3 脂肪酸、维生素 D、番茄红素、染料木黄酮、槲皮素、白藜芦醇和萝卜硫素，这些保健品在预防前列腺癌方面具有临床相关性。还讨论了它们调节致癌作用关键过程的作用机制。对于这些药物中的每一种，简要总结了与前列腺癌化学预防功效相关的已完成或正在进行的临床试验。
尽管已经进行了一些临床试验，但对这些结果的审查表明，需要进一步研究以确认临床疗效和安全性，并提供关于如何使用营养保健品以获得最佳效果的指导。未来针对营养保健品的癌症预防临床试验应招募前列腺癌风险增加的男性。
