Deutsch A L, Mink J H, Shellock F G
Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
Orthop Rev. 1990 Jan;19(1):66-75.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the premier noninvasive imaging method for evaluation of the musculoskeletal system. Among the most widely recognized and accepted applications of MRI is that of trauma-related imaging. While the initial emphasis on MRI was directed toward the assessment of soft-tissue structures previously difficult to image (eg, knee menisci and cruciate ligaments), it has become increasingly apparent that MRI is superbly suited to the depiction of a wide spectrum of injuries to bone and articular cartilage. MRI has proved capable of depicting abnormalities ranging from clinically innocuous bone bruises to posttraumatic osteonecrosis. Many of the abnormalities that have been detected by MRI have been radiographically occult and often clinically unsuspected. MRI has become established in the assessment of chondral and osteochondral injuries, insufficiency and stress fractures, occult proximal femoral fractures, tibial plateau fractures, and scaphoid injuries. This review will attempt to present the current state of the art with respect to the application of MRI to the assessment of injuries to bone and articular cartilage. Particular emphasis will be placed on radiographically occult abnormalities.
磁共振成像（MRI）已成为评估肌肉骨骼系统的首要非侵入性成像方法。MRI最广泛认可和接受的应用之一是与创伤相关的成像。虽然最初MRI的重点是评估以前难以成像的软组织结构（如膝关节半月板和交叉韧带），但越来越明显的是，MRI非常适合描绘骨骼和关节软骨的广泛损伤。MRI已被证明能够描绘从临床上无害的骨挫伤至创伤后骨坏死等各种异常情况。许多通过MRI检测到的异常在X线片上是隐匿的，临床上也常常未被怀疑。MRI已在软骨和骨软骨损伤、应力性骨折和不全骨折、隐匿性股骨近端骨折、胫骨平台骨折以及舟骨损伤的评估中得到确立。本综述将试图介绍MRI在评估骨骼和关节软骨损伤方面的当前技术水平。将特别强调X线片隐匿的异常情况。
