Swaim S F
Department of Small Animal Surgery and Medicine, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Alabama.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1990 Jan;20(1):147-75. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(90)50008-x.
Skin grafting is a method to reconstruct the skin covering on areas of the body where there are defects and insufficient surrounding skin for advancement or for creation of flaps. Grafts are classified according to their host-donor relationship and by their thickness. Autogenous grafts, taken from one area of the body and applied to another area, are the type of graft used most often clinically. Pieces of skin are taken from one area of the body, prepared and applied over a defect that has also been properly prepared to accept the graft. The defect to which a graft is applied must be a healthy bed of granulation tissue or tissue that is vascular enough to produce a bed of granulation tissue. In its new location, the graft will develop a new blood supply and attachment to underlying tissues. This is accomplished as the graft undergoes the processes of fibrinous adherence, plasmatic imbibition, inoculation, and new vessel ingrowth. The types of grafts described in this chapter are split-thickness, full-thickness, seed, strip, and stamp grafts. Each of these graft types must be prepared using certain techniques, and each one has its inherent advantages and disadvantages. Split-thickness grafts may require considerable skill and/or expensive equipment to perform. Although they "take" better than full-thickness grafts, they are usually less cosmetically attractive. Full-thickness grafts require no special skill or expensive equipment, and their cosmetic appearance is better than that of split-thickness grafts, but they do not take as well as split-thickness grafts. Seed and strip grafts are easily accomplished and require no special instruments; however, their cosmetic appearance is not good. Stamp grafts have some of the properties associated with split-thickness grafts as well as those of seed and strip grafts, since they combine features of both.
皮肤移植是一种用于重建身体存在缺损且周围皮肤不足以推进或形成皮瓣区域的皮肤覆盖的方法。移植物根据其宿主 - 供体关系及其厚度进行分类。自体移植物取自身体的一个部位并应用于另一个部位，是临床上最常使用的移植物类型。从身体的一个部位取下皮肤片，进行处理后覆盖在也已妥善准备好接受移植物的缺损处。接受移植物的缺损部位必须是健康的肉芽组织床或血管足够丰富以产生肉芽组织床的组织。在其新位置，移植物将形成新的血液供应并与下方组织附着。这是在移植物经历纤维蛋白黏附、血浆吸收、接种和新血管长入的过程中完成的。本章描述的移植物类型有断层皮片、全厚皮片、点状皮片、条状皮片和邮票状皮片。每种移植物类型都必须使用特定技术进行制备，并且每种都有其固有的优点和缺点。断层皮片移植可能需要相当的技巧和/或昂贵的设备来进行。虽然它们比全厚皮片“成活率”更高，但通常在外观上不那么美观。全厚皮片移植不需要特殊技巧或昂贵设备，其外观比断层皮片好，但成活率不如断层皮片。点状皮片和条状皮片操作容易，不需要特殊器械；然而，它们的外观不佳。邮票状皮片具有一些与断层皮片相关的特性以及点状皮片和条状皮片的特性，因为它们兼具两者的特点。
