STAT3 regulation of and by microRNAs in development and disease.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs acting at the post-transcriptional level where they promote mRNA degradation and block protein translation. Recent findings suggest that complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional circuits control miRNAs. STAT3 has emerged as an important regulator of their expression and biogenesis and, in turn, STAT3 signaling pathways are controlled by distinct miRNAs. We summarize the current knowledge on STAT3 mediated processing of individual miRNAs and contrariwise, the modulation of the STAT3 pathway by miRNAs in development and in pathophysiological conditions such as immune processes, infection, cancer, cardiovascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.