a Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.
J Pers Assess. 2014;96(1):87-94. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2013.834440. Epub 2013 Sep 24.
This investigation evaluates the structure and correlates of lower order traits related to approach, specifically, facets of extraversion and behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivity. A 3-factor structure of approach was derived in community and clinical samples: assertiveness, enthusiasm, and sensation seeking. All factors were positively associated with Openness/Intellect scores. Enthusiasm and assertiveness were both negatively associated with Neuroticism scores, but were distinguished by associations with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Sensation seeking was negatively associated with Conscientiousness scores. The 3 factors demonstrated a unique profile of association with components of impulsivity. Enthusiasm and assertiveness were negatively related to psychopathological symptoms, whereas sensation seeking was largely independent of psychopathology. Results suggest that approach is associated with 3 subfactors, which differ in their pattern or magnitude of associations with other variables, thus underscoring the importance of distinguishing among them. Further, results support the construct validity of the Assertiveness and Enthusiasm aspect scales of the Big Five Aspect Scales to assess traits at this level of the personality hierarchy.
本研究评估了与趋近有关的更低阶特质的结构和相关性，特别是外向性和行为激活系统（BAS）敏感性的各个方面。在社区和临床样本中得出了趋近的 3 因素结构：果断性、热情和寻求刺激。所有因素都与开放性/智力得分呈正相关。热情和果断性都与神经质得分呈负相关，但与宜人性和尽责性的关联不同。寻求刺激与尽责性得分呈负相关。这 3 个因素与冲动性的各个成分表现出独特的关联模式。热情和果断性与精神病理学症状呈负相关，而寻求刺激在很大程度上与精神病理学无关。结果表明，趋近与 3 个子因素相关，这些子因素与其他变量的关联模式或程度不同，因此强调了区分它们的重要性。此外，结果支持使用大五人格特质量表的果断性和热情方面量表来评估人格层次这一层级的特质，这在一定程度上证明了其结构效度。
