1] Unité d'Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France [2] INSERM U818, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France [3] Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
Mucosal Immunol. 2013 Nov;6(6):1041-53. doi: 10.1038/mi.2013.72. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
The pathogenesis of urinary tract infection and mechanisms of the protective effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for bladder cancer highlight the importance of studying the bladder as a unique mucosal surface. Innate responses to bacteria are reviewed, and although our collective knowledge remains incomplete, we discuss how adaptive immunity may be generated following bacterial challenge in the bladder microenvironment. Interestingly, the widely held belief that the bladder is sterile has been challenged recently, indicating the need for further study of the impact of commensal microorganisms on the immune response to uropathogen infection or intentional instillation of BCG. This review addresses the aspects of bladder biology that have been well explored and defines what still must be discovered about the immunobiology of this understudied organ.
尿路感染的发病机制和卡介苗（BCG）治疗膀胱癌的保护机制强调了研究膀胱作为独特黏膜表面的重要性。本文综述了对细菌的先天反应，尽管我们的集体知识仍然不完整，但我们讨论了在膀胱微环境中细菌挑战后如何产生适应性免疫。有趣的是，最近对膀胱无菌的普遍看法受到了挑战，这表明需要进一步研究共生微生物对尿路病原体感染或卡介苗有意灌输的免疫反应的影响。本综述探讨了膀胱生物学中已经得到充分研究的方面，并确定了关于这个研究不足的器官的免疫生物学仍需要发现的方面。
