Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Sep 16;14(9):18999-9024. doi: 10.3390/ijms140918999.
Eukaryotic cells express a large variety of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), with diverse affinities and specificities towards target RNAs. These proteins play a crucial role in almost every aspect of RNA biogenesis, expression and function. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a complex and diverse family of RNA binding proteins. hnRNPs display multiple functions in the processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs into mature messenger RNAs. hnRNP A1 is one of the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed members of this protein family. hnRNP A1 plays multiple roles in gene expression by regulating major steps in the processing of nascent RNA transcripts. The transcription, splicing, stability, export through nuclear pores and translation of cellular and viral transcripts are all mechanisms modulated by this protein. The diverse functions played by hnRNP A1 are not limited to mRNA biogenesis, but extend to the processing of microRNAs, telomere maintenance and the regulation of transcription factor activity. Genomic approaches have recently uncovered the extent of hnRNP A1 roles in the development and differentiation of living organisms. The aim of this review is to highlight recent developments in the study of this protein and to describe its functions in cellular and viral gene expression and its role in human pathologies.
真核细胞表达大量的 RNA 结合蛋白（RBPs），这些蛋白对靶 RNA 具有不同的亲和力和特异性。这些蛋白质在 RNA 生物发生、表达和功能的几乎所有方面都起着至关重要的作用。异质核核糖核蛋白（hnRNPs）是一类复杂多样的 RNA 结合蛋白家族。hnRNPs 在将异质核 RNA 加工成成熟信使 RNA 方面发挥多种功能。hnRNP A1 是该蛋白家族中丰度最高和表达最广泛的成员之一。hnRNP A1 通过调节新生 RNA 转录本加工的主要步骤，在基因表达中发挥多种作用。hnRNP A1 的多种功能不仅限于 mRNA 生物发生，还扩展到 microRNA 的加工、端粒维持和转录因子活性的调节。基因组方法最近揭示了 hnRNP A1 在生物发育和分化中的作用程度。本综述的目的是强调该蛋白研究的最新进展，并描述其在细胞和病毒基因表达中的功能及其在人类病理学中的作用。
