Faculty of Nursing, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto.
Int J Health Serv. 2013;43(3):537-49. doi: 10.2190/HS.43.3.j.
In 1999, newly-elected Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez initiated a far-reaching social movement as part of a political project known as the Bolivarian Revolution. Inspired by the democratic ideologies of Simón Bolívar, this movement was committed to reducing intractable inequalities that defined Venezuela's Fourth Republic (1958-1998). Given the ambitious scope of these reforms, Venezuela serves as an instructive example to understand the political context of social inequalities and population health. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the impact of egalitarian policies in Venezuela, stressing: (a) the socialist reforms and social class changes initiated by the Bolivarian Movement; (b) the impact of these reforms and changes on poverty and social determinants of health; (c) the sustainability of economic growth to continue pro-poor policies; and (d) the implications of egalitarian policies for other Latin American countries. The significance and implications of Chávez's achievements are now further underscored given his recent passing, leading one to ask whether political support for Bolivarianism will continue without its revolutionary leader.
1999 年，新当选的委内瑞拉总统乌戈·查韦斯（Hugo Chávez）发起了一场深远的社会运动，作为其所谓的“玻利瓦尔革命”政治项目的一部分。这场运动受到西蒙·玻利瓦尔（Simón Bolívar）民主思想的启发，致力于减少定义委内瑞拉第四共和国（1958-1998 年）的顽固不平等现象。鉴于这些改革的雄心勃勃的范围，委内瑞拉是一个很好的例子，可以帮助我们理解社会不平等和人口健康的政治背景。在本文中，我们简要概述了委内瑞拉平等主义政策的影响，重点强调了：（a）玻利瓦尔运动发起的社会主义改革和社会阶级变化；（b）这些改革和变化对贫困和健康社会决定因素的影响；（c）经济增长的可持续性以继续实施有利于穷人的政策；（d）平等主义政策对其他拉丁美洲国家的影响。鉴于查韦斯最近去世，他的成就的意义和影响现在更加凸显，人们不禁要问，没有了这位革命领袖，玻利瓦尔主义是否还能继续得到政治支持。
