Quan Zhan-Jun, Li Yuan, Li Jun-Sheng, Han Yu, Xiao Neng-Wen, Fu Meng-Di
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2013 Jun;24(6):1729-38.
In this paper, an ecological vulnerability evaluation index system for the Shengli Coalfield in Xilinguole of Inner Mongolia was established, which included 16 factors in ecological sensitivity, natural and social pressure, and ecological recovery capacity, respectively. Based on the expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), an ecological vulnerability model was built for the calculation of the regional ecological vulnerability by means of RS and GIS spatial analysis. An analysis of the relationships between land use and ecological vulnerability was also made, and the results were tested by spatial auto-correlation analysis. Overall, the ecological vulnerability of the study area was at medium-high level. The exploitation of four opencast areas in the Coalfield caused a significant increase of ecological vulnerability. Moreover, due to the effects of mine drained water and human activities, the 300 -2000 m around the opencast areas was turning into higher ecologically fragile area. With further exploitation, the whole Coalfield was evolved into moderate and heavy ecological vulnerability area, and the coal resources mining was a key factor in this process. The cluster analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the ecological vulnerability in the study area had reasonable clustering characteristics. To decrease the population density, control the grazing capacity of grassland, and regulate the ratios of construction land and cultivated land could be the optimal ways for resolving the natural and social pressure, and to increase the investment and improve the vegetation recovery coefficient could be the fundamental measures for decreasing the ecological vulnerability of the study area.
本文构建了内蒙古锡林郭勒胜利煤田生态脆弱性评价指标体系，该体系分别包含生态敏感性、自然与社会压力、生态恢复能力等16个因子。基于专家打分法和层次分析法（AHP），借助遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）空间分析构建生态脆弱性模型，计算区域生态脆弱性。同时分析了土地利用与生态脆弱性之间的关系，并通过空间自相关分析对结果进行检验。总体而言，研究区生态脆弱性处于中高水平。煤田4个露天开采区的开发导致生态脆弱性显著增加。此外，受矿井排水和人类活动影响，露天开采区周边300 -2000米范围正演变为生态脆弱性较高区域。随着进一步开发，整个煤田将演变为中度和重度生态脆弱区，煤炭资源开采是这一过程中的关键因素。聚类分析表明，研究区生态脆弱性的空间分布具有合理的聚类特征。降低人口密度、控制草原载畜量、调整建设用地与耕地比例是缓解自然与社会压力的最优途径，增加投入、提高植被恢复系数是降低研究区生态脆弱性的根本措施。
