School of Mines, China University of Mining & Technology, No.1 University Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 22;12(1):6623. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09795-5.
The contradiction between the exploitation of coal resources and the protection of the ecological environment in western China is becoming increasingly prominent. Reasonable ecological environment evaluation is the premise for alleviating this contradiction. First, this paper evaluates the eco-environment of Ibei coalfield by combining the genetic projection pursuit model and geographic information system (GIS) and using remote sensing image data and other statistical data of this area. The powerful spatial analysis function of GIS and the advantages of the genetic projection pursuit model in weight calculation have been fully used to improve the reliability of the evaluation results. Furthermore, spatial autocorrelation is used to analyze the spatial characteristics of ecological environment quality in the mining area and plan the specific governance scope. The geographic detector is used to determine the driving factors of the eco-environment of the mining area. The results show that Ibei Coalfield presents a spatially heterogeneous eco-environment pattern. The high-intensity mining area (previously mined area of Ili No.4 Coal Mine) has the worst ecological environment quality, followed by the coal reserve area of Ili No.4 Coal Mine and the planned survey area of Ili No.5 Coal Mine. The eco-environment quality (EEQ) of the study area is affected by both human and natural factors. Mining intensity and surface subsidence are the main human factors affecting the ecological environment in the study area. The main natural factors affecting the ecological environment in the study area are annual average precipitation, elevation, annual average evaporation, NDVI and land use type. Meanwhile, the interaction effect of any two indicators is greater than that of a single indicator. It is also indicated that the eco-environment of the mining area is nonlinearly correlated to impact indicators. The spatial autocorrelation analysis shows three areas that should be treated strategically that are the management area, close attention area and protective area. Corresponding management measures are put forward for different regions. This paper can provide scientific references for mining area eco-environmental protection, which is significant for the sustainability of coal mine projects.
中国西部煤炭资源开发与生态环境保护的矛盾日益突出。合理的生态环境评价是缓解这一矛盾的前提。首先，本文将结合遗传投影寻踪模型和地理信息系统（GIS），利用该地区的遥感影像数据和其他统计数据，对伊北煤田的生态环境进行评价。充分利用 GIS 的强大空间分析功能和遗传投影寻踪模型在权重计算方面的优势，提高评价结果的可靠性。此外，还利用空间自相关分析方法对矿区生态环境质量的空间特征进行分析，并规划具体的治理范围。利用地理探测器确定矿区生态环境的驱动因素。结果表明，伊北煤田的生态环境格局呈现出空间异质性。高强度采煤区（伊犁四矿已采区）的生态环境质量最差，其次是伊犁四矿的煤炭储量区和伊犁五矿的规划勘查区。研究区的生态环境质量（EEQ）受到人为和自然因素的双重影响。采煤强度和地表沉降是影响研究区生态环境的主要人为因素，而影响研究区生态环境的主要自然因素则是年平均降水量、海拔、年平均蒸发量、NDVI 和土地利用类型。同时，任意两个指标的交互作用大于单个指标。此外，研究区的生态环境与影响指标呈非线性相关。空间自相关分析显示了三个需要进行战略治理的区域，即管理区、密切关注区和保护区。针对不同区域提出了相应的管理措施。本文可为矿区生态环境保护提供科学依据，对煤矿项目的可持续发展具有重要意义。
