Xing Kun, Ma Chun-Sen, Han Ju-Cai
College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2013 Jun;24(6):1769-76.
As cruciferous plants have been cultivated northwards due to climate warming, diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella is becoming a major pest in North China. The long distance migration of DBM not only induces its sudden outbreak over extensive areas, but also leads to its insecticide resistance by the spread of resistant genes in large area. To elucidate the long distance migration of DBM is of significance for early warning and decision-making in integrated pest managements. So far, the migration of DBM has not yet been systematically investigated in China. Here, we reviewed the literatures about the long distance migration of DBM at home and abroad, and summarized the related evidence: 1) DBM cannot overwinter in cold regions such as northern Japan, western Canada, and northeast China, where the DBM outbreak is presumed from elsewhere by long distance migration, 2) DBM adults are captured from seas, mountain tops, sea islands, and sky, etc., and the collection of large quantity of DBM presents the powerful direct evidence of DBM long distance migration, 3) the sudden increase of DBM in fields is consistent with the meteorological conditions such as the presence of nocturnal temperature inversion layer and the front passage, suggesting that these meteorological conditions supply suitable backgrounds for the insect migration, 4) the target insect characters identified by vertical insect looking radar is consistent with the measured DBM characters in laboratory and the trapping data from fields, confirming the long distance migration of DBM, 5) the biological characteristics and genetic variations of different DBM populations have no correlations with geographic distance, suggesting the frequent gene flows among the populations in different positions, and 6) the flight test of DBM indicates its long distance flight capacity, and the decreasing fitness of host plants is probably one of the trigger factors for the migration of DBM. Some future research directions are prospected: the construction of track model for DBM long distance migration to clarify the DBM long distance migration pathways in China; the further understanding on the physiological, biochemical, and ecological bases of DBM long distance migration; the strategies for the population insecticide resistance management based on the long distance migration of DBM.
随着气候变暖十字花科植物种植区域向北扩展，小菜蛾已成为中国北方的主要害虫。小菜蛾的远距离迁飞不仅导致其在大面积区域突然暴发，还通过抗性基因的大面积传播导致其产生抗药性。阐明小菜蛾的远距离迁飞对于害虫综合防治中的预警和决策具有重要意义。到目前为止，中国尚未对小菜蛾的迁飞进行系统研究。在此，我们综述了国内外关于小菜蛾远距离迁飞的文献，并总结了相关证据：1）小菜蛾无法在日本北部、加拿大西部和中国东北等寒冷地区越冬，这些地区的小菜蛾暴发推测是由远距离迁飞从其他地方而来；2）在海洋、山顶、海岛和天空等地捕获到小菜蛾成虫，大量小菜蛾的捕获是小菜蛾远距离迁飞的有力直接证据；3）田间小菜蛾数量的突然增加与夜间逆温层和锋面过境等气象条件一致，表明这些气象条件为昆虫迁飞提供了适宜的背景；4）垂直昆虫观测雷达识别出的目标昆虫特征与实验室测量的小菜蛾特征以及田间诱捕数据一致，证实了小菜蛾的远距离迁飞；5）不同小菜蛾种群的生物学特性和遗传变异与地理距离无关，表明不同位置种群间基因流动频繁；6）小菜蛾的飞行试验表明其具有远距离飞行能力，寄主植物适合度下降可能是小菜蛾迁飞的触发因素之一。展望了一些未来的研究方向：构建小菜蛾远距离迁飞轨迹模型以阐明其在中国的远距离迁飞路径；进一步了解小菜蛾远距离迁飞的生理、生化和生态基础；基于小菜蛾远距离迁飞的种群抗药性治理策略。
