Ferreira Leandro Valle, Cunha Denise A, Chaves Priscilla P, Matos Darley C L, Parolin Pia
Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66077-530 Belém PA, Brasil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2013 Sep;85(3):1013-23. doi: 10.1590/S0001-37652013000300012.
The major rivers of the Amazon River basin and their biota are threatened by the planned construction of large hydroelectric dams that are expected to have strong impacts on floodplain plant communities. The present study presents forest inventories from three floodplain sites colonized by alluvial riparian vegetation in the Tapajós, Xingu and Tocantins River basins in eastern Amazonian. Results indicate that tree species of the highly specialized alluvial riparian vegetation are clearly distinct among the three river basins, although they are not very distinct from each other and environmental constraints are very similar. With only 6 of 74 species occurring in all three inventories, most tree and shrub species are restricted to only one of the rivers, indicating a high degree of local distribution. Different species occupy similar environmental niches, making these fragile riparian formations highly valuable. Conservation plans must consider species complementarily when decisions are made on where to place floodplain forest conservation units to avoid the irreversible loss of unique alluvial riparian vegetation biodiversity.
亚马孙河流域的主要河流及其生物群正受到大型水电站大坝建设计划的威胁，这些大坝预计会对洪泛区植物群落产生重大影响。本研究展示了来自亚马孙东部塔帕若斯河、欣古河和托坎廷斯河流域由冲积河岸植被形成的三个洪泛区地点的森林资源清查情况。结果表明，高度专业化的冲积河岸植被的树种在这三个流域之间明显不同，尽管它们彼此之间差异不大且环境限制非常相似。在所有74个物种中，只有6种出现在所有三个清查地点，大多数乔木和灌木物种仅局限于其中一条河流，这表明其分布具有高度的局域性。不同的物种占据相似的生态位，使得这些脆弱的河岸地貌具有极高的价值。在决定洪泛区森林保护单元的选址时，保护计划必须考虑物种的互补性，以避免独特的冲积河岸植被生物多样性遭受不可逆转的损失。
