Department of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Sep;7(7):591-600. doi: 10.1586/17474124.2013.832493.
Crofelemer is the first US FDA-approved drug for symptomatic relief in HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who have non-infectious diarrhea. With the availability of ART, there is increased survival and decrease in gastrointestinal opportunistic infections. However, diarrhea secondary to ART and HIV enteropathy is common in HIV-infected persons. Crofelemer is manufactured from the red latex sap of the Croton lechleri tree in South America. It has a unique mechanism leading to inhibition of chloride ion secretion by blocking chloride channels in the gastrointestinal lumen. This reduces efflux of sodium and water, which in turn reduces the frequency and consistency of diarrhea. Crofelemer is well tolerated due to minimal systemic absorption and has a good safety profile. The availability of crofelemer will likely have a positive impact on the quality of life in HIV-infected persons and also increase compliance to ART.
克福来默是美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的第一种用于治疗接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的 HIV 感染者的对症药物，这些感染者患有非传染性腹泻。随着 ART 的应用，HIV 感染者的胃肠道机会性感染减少，存活率增加。然而，ART 和 HIV 肠病引起的腹泻在 HIV 感染者中很常见。克福来默由南美洲的红乳木树乳胶制成。它具有独特的机制，通过阻断胃肠道腔中的氯离子通道来抑制氯离子分泌。这减少了钠和水的外排，从而减少了腹泻的频率和一致性。由于克福来默的全身吸收很少，因此耐受性良好，且安全性良好。克福来默的应用可能会对 HIV 感染者的生活质量产生积极影响，并提高对 ART 的依从性。
