Institut Curie, 12 rue Lhomond, Paris, France; INSERM U932, 12 rue Lhomond, Paris, France.
Adv Immunol. 2013;120:211-37. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-417028-5.00008-9.
Dendritic cells (DCs) associate the capacity to sense pathogens with the initiation of adaptive immunity. Pathogens can be sensed through pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pathogen-recognition receptors expressed on host cells. Pathogen-encoded activities can also be sensed when they modify normal host cellular processes. The diversity of pathogen sensors has been highlighted by the identification of several cytosolic sensors involved in the recognition of nucleic acids from pathogens. The number of these pathogen cytosolic sensors has dramatically increased recently. Different DC populations appear to be equipped with distinct sensors but the precise expression pattern and the regulation of these sensors remain to be established, especially in humans. The engagement of sensors in DCs by pathogens leads to antipathogen effects through multiple mechanisms including interferon responses and promotes effector pathways that can shape the adaptive immune response. How the diversity of cytosolic pathogen sensors impacts these processes is incompletely understood. Investigating the expression, regulation, and crosstalk of the sensors should shed light on how pathogen sensing impacts pathogen replication and host immune responses.
树突状细胞 (DCs) 具有感知病原体和启动适应性免疫的能力。病原体可以通过宿主细胞表面表达的病原体识别受体识别病原体相关分子模式。当病原体改变正常的宿主细胞过程时，也可以感知病原体编码的活性。通过鉴定几种参与识别病原体核酸的胞质传感器，突出了病原体传感器的多样性。这些病原体胞质传感器的数量最近急剧增加。不同的 DC 群体似乎配备了不同的传感器，但这些传感器的确切表达模式和调节仍有待确定，尤其是在人类中。病原体与 DC 中的传感器相互作用，通过多种机制（包括干扰素反应）产生抗病原体作用，并促进效应途径，从而塑造适应性免疫反应。胞质病原体传感器的多样性如何影响这些过程尚不完全清楚。研究传感器的表达、调节和串扰应该有助于了解病原体感应如何影响病原体复制和宿主免疫反应。
