Barbosa Tiago M, Costa Mário J, Morais Jorge E, Morouço Pedro, Moreira Marc, Garrido Nuno D, Marinho Daniel A, Silva António J
National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.
Hum Mov Sci. 2013 Dec;32(6):1214-25. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2012.07.009. Epub 2013 Sep 24.
The aim of this study was to compare the speed fluctuation and the drag force in young swimmers between genders. Twenty-three young pubertal swimmers (12 boys and 11 girls) volunteered as subjects. Speed fluctuation was measured using a kinematical mechanical method (i.e., speedo-meter) during a maximal 25-m front crawl bout. Active drag, active drag coefficient and power needed to overcome drag were measured with the velocity perturbation method for another two maximal 25m front crawl bouts with and without the perturbation device. Passive drag and the passive drag coefficient were estimated using the gliding decay velocity method after a maximal push-off from the wall while being fully immersed. The technique drag index was also assessed as a ratio between active and passive drag. Boys presented meaningfully higher speed fluctuation, active drag, power needed to overcome drag and technique drag index than the girls. There were no significant gender differences for active drag coefficient, passive drag and passive drag coefficient. There were positive and moderate-strong associations between active drag and speed fluctuation when controlling the effects of swim velocity. So, increasing speed fluctuation leads to higher drag force values and those are even higher for boys than for girls.
本研究的目的是比较年轻游泳运动员中男女之间的速度波动和阻力。23名青春期年轻游泳运动员（12名男孩和11名女孩）自愿作为受试者。在一次25米最大强度的自由泳比赛中，使用运动机械方法（即速度计）测量速度波动。在另外两次25米最大强度的自由泳比赛中，使用速度扰动法测量主动阻力、主动阻力系数以及克服阻力所需的功率，其中一次比赛使用扰动装置，另一次不使用。在从泳池壁全力蹬离后完全浸没状态下，使用滑行衰减速度法估算被动阻力和被动阻力系数。技术阻力指数也作为主动阻力与被动阻力之比进行评估。男孩的速度波动、主动阻力、克服阻力所需的功率和技术阻力指数显著高于女孩。主动阻力系数、被动阻力和被动阻力系数在性别上无显著差异。在控制游泳速度的影响后，主动阻力与速度波动之间存在正相关且为中等强度。因此，速度波动增加会导致更高的阻力值，且男孩的阻力值比女孩更高。
