Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.
Transl Behav Med. 2012 Jun;2(2):126-7. doi: 10.1007/s13142-012-0126-7.
The sixth column on Evidence-Based Behavioral Medicine is focused on Plassman et al.'s (Ann Internal Med 153:182-193, 2010) systematic review on factors associated with risk for and prevention of cognitive decline among the elderly. A total of 250 studies were included in the final analyses. Cognitive training was most consistently and negatively associated with cognitive decline. Evidence was largely consistent across observational and randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies. Other factors, such as physical activity, some healthy nutritional patterns, and not smoking might also be protective against cognitive decline, but the available evidence is not adequate to draw conclusions about the strength of these relationships. Future research addressing these limitations should include well-designed RCTs that attempt to replicate the finding that cognitive training is protective, and well as high-quality observational and interventional studies that examine the impact of health behaviors on cognitive decline.
循证行为医学的第六期专栏聚焦于 Plassman 等人（Ann Internal Med 153:182-193, 2010）的系统综述，该综述探讨了与老年人认知能力下降的风险和预防相关的因素。共有 250 项研究纳入最终分析。认知训练与认知能力下降的相关性最为一致且呈负相关。观察性研究和随机对照试验（RCT）的证据基本一致。其他因素，如身体活动、某些健康的营养模式和不吸烟，也可能对认知能力下降具有保护作用，但现有证据不足以得出这些关系强度的结论。未来的研究应解决这些局限性，包括设计良好的 RCT，以尝试复制认知训练具有保护作用的发现，以及高质量的观察性和干预性研究，以研究健康行为对认知能力下降的影响。
