a Department of Applied Mechanics , Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg , Sweden.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2013;14(8):797-806. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2013.766728.
The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the kinematics and shoulder belt position of child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) during emergency steering maneuvers. Furthermore, the ATDs were compared to the results from child volunteers aged 4 to 12 in the same test setup (Bohman, Stockman, et al. 2011).
A driving study was conducted on a test track comprising 4 ATDs: the Q6, Q10, and Hybrid III (HIII) 6- and 10-year-old ATDs restrained in the rear seat of a passenger vehicle. The ATDs were exposed to 2 repeated steering maneuvers in each restraint system. The Q6 and HIII 6-year-old were restrained on booster cushions as well as high-back booster seats. The Q10 and HIII 10-year-old were restrained on booster cushions or restrained by 3-point seat belts directly on the seat. Lateral motion of the forehead and upper sternum was determined, as well as shoulder belt movement on shoulder and torso tilting angle.
All ATDs began to move approximately at the same point in time corresponding to a vehicle lateral acceleration of just below 0.2 g. In the later phase of the maneuver, Q10 had moved 26 percent less than the children when restrained by seat belt only and 35 percent less when on a booster cushion. Corresponding numbers for the HIII 10-year-old were 43 and 44 percent higher than for children. Compared to children, the Q6 had moved 34 percent less when restrained on a high-back booster seat and 31 percent less when on a booster cushion. Corresponding numbers for HIII 6-year-old were 7 and 28 percent higher than for children. Due to extensive variety of lateral displacements observed in the children, child performance range covers both ATD families for the evaluated sizes of 6- and 10-year-old ATDs.
Compared to children, the HIII ATDs were closer with regards to mean values in the initial phase of the maneuver and the Q ATDs were closer in the end of the ramping phase of the lateral acceleration. The question regarding which ATD replicates better the behavior of children exposed to steering maneuvers still remains open. As shown in this study, it depends on the focus of the comparison and on what phase of the maneuver is of interest. This study provides valuable knowledge on how representative the current ATDs are for replicating potential precrash postures of children as a result of vehicle emergency steering maneuvers for a variety of restraint systems and ATD sizes.
本研究旨在量化和比较儿童假人在紧急转向操作过程中的运动学和肩带位置。此外，还将这些假人与同一样本设置中 4 至 12 岁儿童志愿者的结果进行了比较（Bohman、Stockman 等人，2011 年）。
在一条测试轨道上进行了一项驾驶研究，该研究使用了 4 个儿童假人：Q6、Q10 和 Hybrid III（HIII）6 岁和 10 岁假人，它们被约束在乘用车的后排座椅上。在每个约束系统中，假人都经历了 2 次重复的转向操作。Q6 和 HIII 6 岁假人被约束在助推垫上，以及高背助推座椅上。Q10 和 HIII 10 岁假人被约束在助推垫上，或通过三点式安全带直接约束在座椅上。测定了前额和上胸骨的横向运动，以及肩带在肩部和躯干倾斜角度上的运动。
所有假人大约在同一时间开始移动，此时车辆的横向加速度略低于 0.2g。在操作的后期阶段，当仅使用安全带约束时，Q10 的移动距离比儿童少 26%，当使用助推垫时，移动距离比儿童少 35%。相应的 HIII 10 岁假人比儿童高 43%和 44%。与儿童相比，当约束在高背助推座椅上时，Q6 移动距离减少了 34%，当约束在助推垫上时，移动距离减少了 31%。相应的 HIII 6 岁假人比儿童高 7%和 28%。由于在儿童中观察到的横向位移差异很大，儿童的性能范围涵盖了评估的 6 岁和 10 岁 ATD 尺寸的两种 ATD 家族。
与儿童相比，在操作的初始阶段，HIII ATD 的平均值更接近，而在横向加速度的斜坡阶段末期，Q ATD 更接近。关于哪种 ATD 更能复制暴露于转向操作的儿童的行为的问题仍然存在。如本研究所示，这取决于比较的重点以及对操作哪个阶段感兴趣。本研究提供了有关当前 ATD 在各种约束系统和 ATD 尺寸下复制儿童车辆紧急转向操作潜在预碰撞姿势的代表性的有价值的知识。
