Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138 Massachusetts, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2013 Sep 13;111(11):113001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.113001. Epub 2013 Sep 9.
The coupling of weak light fields to Rydberg states of atoms under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency leads to the formation of Rydberg polaritons which are quasiparticles with tunable effective mass and nonlocal interactions. Confined to one spatial dimension their low energy physics is that of a moving-frame Luttinger liquid which, due to the nonlocal character of the repulsive interaction, can form a Wigner crystal of individual photons. We calculate the Luttinger K parameter using density-matrix renormalization group simulations and find that under typical slow-light conditions kinetic energy contributions are too strong for crystal formation. However, adiabatically increasing the polariton mass by turning a light pulse into stationary spin excitations allows us to generate true crystalline order over a finite length. The dynamics of this process and asymptotic correlations are analyzed in terms of a time-dependent Luttinger theory.
弱光场与电磁感应透明条件下原子的里德堡态耦合导致里德堡极化激元的形成，里德堡极化激元是具有可调有效质量和非局域相互作用的准粒子。将其限制在一个空间维度内，其低能物理性质是运动框架卢亭格液体的性质，由于排斥相互作用的非局域性质，它可以形成单个光子的威格纳晶体。我们使用密度矩阵重整化群模拟计算卢亭格 K 参数，发现，在典型的慢光条件下，动能贡献太强，无法形成晶体。然而，通过将光脉冲转变为静止的自旋激发来绝热地增加极化激元的质量，可以在有限的长度上产生真正的晶体有序。利用时变卢亭格理论分析了这个过程的动力学和渐近相关性。
