School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
Vet Parasitol. 2013 Nov 15;198(1-2):96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.027. Epub 2013 Sep 6.
Traditional compounds used to treat fish diseases in aquaculture and the ornamental fish industry (such as formalin and malachite green) can be more toxic to the hosts than their parasites. With the reviviscence in the use of herbal products, various botanicals have been heralded as cures for particular pathogens, but the efficacy of these compounds for parasitic worms is questionable. Here, we tested a range of garlic (Allium sativum) products against a major aquarium pathogen, Gyrodactylus turnbulli, infecting the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). All garlic products significantly reduced parasite mean survival time in vitro, from 13 h to <1 h. In fully randomised trials, the number of parasites was also significantly reduced on infected fish exposed to garlic from different sources. Two garlic treatments (minced and granule forms) reduced worm burdens by 66% and 75% after three doses, whereas Chinese freeze-dried garlic and allyl disulphide were 95% effective after a single application. In fact, Chinese freeze dried garlic was equally effective as Levamisole, a licensed livestock dewormer that is highly effective against G. turnbulli but not routinely prescribed for use in fish; hence, garlic may be a potential alternative treatment for gyrodactylosis.
传统用于水产养殖和观赏鱼业治疗鱼类疾病的化合物（如福尔马林和孔雀绿）可能对宿主比寄生虫更有毒。随着草药产品的重新使用，各种植物已被宣布为特定病原体的治疗方法，但这些化合物对寄生虫的疗效仍存在疑问。在这里，我们测试了一系列大蒜（Allium sativum）产品对主要水族箱病原体 Gyrodactylus turnbulli 的作用，该病原体感染了孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）。所有大蒜产品在体外显着减少了寄生虫的平均存活时间，从 13 小时减少到<1 小时。在完全随机试验中，暴露于来自不同来源的大蒜的感染鱼上的寄生虫数量也显着减少。两种大蒜处理（切碎和颗粒形式）在三剂后将蠕虫负担减少了 66％和 75％，而中国冻干大蒜和二烯丙基二硫醚在单次使用后有效率为 95％。实际上，中国冻干大蒜与 Levamisole 一样有效，Levamisole 是一种已获许可的牲畜驱虫剂，对 G.turnbulli 非常有效，但不适用于鱼类常规处方；因此，大蒜可能是治疗旋毛虫病的潜在替代疗法。
