大蒜（Allium sativum）和洋葱（Allium cepa）提取物对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）双鳞盘虫属（单殖吸虫）的抗寄生虫活性：血液学、免疫反应、组织病理学研究和鳃炎性细胞因子基因。

Anti-parasitic activity of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts against Dactylogyrus spp. (Monogenean) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Hematology, immune response, histopathological investigation, and inflammatory cytokine genes of gills.

机构信息

Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Al Qanater Al Khairia, 13723, Egypt.

出版信息

BMC Vet Res. 2024 Jul 26;20(1):334. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04187-5.

DOI:10.1186/s12917-024-04187-5

PMID:39061083

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11282636/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Gills monogenean infestation causes significant mortalities in cultured fishes as a result of respiratory manifestation. Medicinal plants are currently being heavily emphasized in aquaculture due to their great nutritional, therapeutic, antimicrobial activities, and financial value.

METHODS

The current study is designed to assess the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts as a water treatment on the hematological profile, innate immunity, and immune cytokines expression besides histopathological features of gills of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) infected with gills monogenetic trematodes (Dactylogyrus sp.). Firstly, the 96-hour lethal concentration 50 (96 h-LC) of garlic extract (GE) and onion extract (OE) were estimated to be 0.4 g/ L and 3.54 g/ L for GE and OE, respectively. Moreover, the in-vitro anti-parasitic potential for (GE) was found between 0.02 and 0.18 mg/mL and 0.4 to 1.8 mg/mL for OE. For the therapeutic trial, fish (n = 120; body weight: 40-60 g) were randomly distributed into four groups in triplicates (30 fish/group, 10 fish/replicate) for 3 days. Group1 (G1) was not infected or treated and served as control. G2 was infected with Dactylogyrus spp. and not exposed to any treatment. G3, G4 were infected with Dactylogyrus sp. and treated with 1/ and 1/ of 96 h LC of OE, respectively. G5, G6 were infected with Dactylogyrus sp. and treated with 1/ and 1/ of 96 h LC of GE, respectively.

RESULTS

No apparent signs or behaviors were noted in the control group. Dactylogyrus spp. infected group suffered from clinical signs as Pale color and damaged tissue. Dactylogyrus spp. infection induced lowering of the hematological (HB, MCH, MCHC and WBCs), and immunological variables (lysozyme, nitric oxide, serum Anti- protease activities, and complement 3). the expression of cytokine genes IL-ß and TNF-α were modulated and improved by treatment with A. sativum and A. cepa extracts. The obtained histopathological alterations of the gills of fish infected with (Dactylogyrus spp.) were hyperplasia leading to fusion of the gill filament, lifting of epithelial tissue, aneurism and edema. The results indecated that G4 and G5 is more regenarated epithelium in compare with the control group.

CONCLUSION

A. sativum and A. cepa extracts enhance the blood profile and nonspecific immune parameters, and down-regulated the expression level of (IL-1β and TNF-α).

摘要

背景

由于呼吸表现，寄生在鱼类鳃上的单殖吸虫会导致大量鱼类死亡。由于具有巨大的营养价值、治疗作用、抗菌活性和经济价值，药用植物在水产养殖中受到了高度重视。

方法

本研究旨在评估大蒜（Allium sativum）和洋葱（Allium cepa）提取物作为水处理对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus L.）鳃部血液学特征、先天免疫和免疫细胞因子表达以及寄生在鳃上的单殖吸虫（Dactylogyrus sp.）的组织病理学特征的影响。首先，估计大蒜提取物（GE）和洋葱提取物（OE）的 96 小时半数致死浓度 50（96 h-LC）分别为 0.4 g/L 和 3.54 g/L。此外，（GE）的体外抗寄生虫潜力在 0.02 至 0.18 mg/mL 和 0.4 至 1.8 mg/mL 之间。对于治疗试验，将 120 条鱼（体重：40-60 g）随机分为 4 组，每组 3 次重复（每组 30 条鱼，每组 10 条），为期 3 天。第 1 组（G1）未感染或未接受任何治疗，作为对照。第 2 组感染 Dactylogyrus spp.，但未接受任何治疗。第 3 组、第 4 组分别用 OE 的 1/96 h LC 和 1/96 h LC 治疗感染 Dactylogyrus sp.的鱼。第 5 组、第 6 组用 GE 的 1/96 h LC 和 1/96 h LC 治疗感染 Dactylogyrus sp.的鱼。

结果

对照组没有观察到明显的症状或行为。感染 Dactylogyrus spp.的鱼出现苍白和组织损伤等临床症状。感染 Dactylogyrus spp.会降低血液学（HB、MCH、MCHC 和 WBC）和免疫学参数（溶菌酶、一氧化氮、血清抗蛋白酶活性和补体 3）。用大蒜（Allium sativum）和洋葱（Allium cepa）提取物处理后，细胞因子基因 IL-ß 和 TNF-α 的表达得到了调节和改善。感染（Dactylogyrus spp.）的鱼的鳃组织病理学变化表现为增生导致鳃丝融合、上皮组织抬起、动脉瘤和水肿。结果表明，与对照组相比，G4 和 G5 的再生上皮组织更多。