Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Dec;38(12):3057-69. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
Stress can exert profound effects on memory encoding. Here, we investigated whether (sub)cortical information processing during encoding and memory retrieval at a 24 h delayed test are affected by the temporal proximity between stress and memory encoding. Sixty-four participants engaged in the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST) or a no-stress control condition either immediately before (i.e., proximate condition) or 30 min before (i.e., distant condition) a picture encoding task. In general, stress decreased the number of freely recalled and recognized pictures and increased the number of false alarms. However, timing of stress exposure did not differentially affect picture recall, recognition or selective attention processes (i.e., LPP). Nevertheless, stress-induced cortisol responses and correctly recognized neutral pictures were positively associated within the proximate stress condition but negatively associated within the distant stress condition. These findings suggest that the time at which a stressor is applied might differentially impact the association between stress-induced cortisol elevations and memory formation and indicate the need for a finer delineation of the time window during which glucocorticoids affect memory formation processes.
压力对记忆编码有深远的影响。在这里，我们研究了在 24 小时后的延迟测试中，编码时的（皮质下）信息处理和记忆检索是否受到压力和记忆编码之间的时间接近度的影响。64 名参与者参与了马斯特里赫特急性应激测试（MAST）或无应激对照条件，要么在图片编码任务之前立即（即接近条件），要么在 30 分钟之前（即远距条件）。一般来说，压力会减少自由回忆和识别的图片数量，并增加错误警报的数量。然而，压力暴露的时间并没有对图片回忆、识别或选择性注意过程（即 LPP）产生不同的影响。然而，在接近的应激条件下，应激诱导的皮质醇反应和正确识别的中性图片之间呈正相关，而在远距应激条件下则呈负相关。这些发现表明，应激源施加的时间可能会对应激诱导的皮质醇升高与记忆形成之间的关联产生不同的影响，并表明需要更精细地划定糖皮质激素影响记忆形成过程的时间窗口。
