Influence of cadmium on the symbiotic interaction established between peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and sensitive or tolerant bradyrhizobial strains.

Heavy metals in soil are known to affect rhizobia-legume interaction reducing not only rhizobia viability, but also nitrogen fixation. In this work, we have compared the response of the symbiotic interaction established between the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and a sensitive (Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144) or a tolerant (Bradyrhizobium sp. NLH25) strain to Cd under exposure to this metal. The addition of 10 μM Cd reduced nodulation and nitrogen content in both symbiotic associations, being the interaction established with the sensitive strain more affected than that with the tolerant one. Plants inoculated with the sensitive strain accumulated more Cd than those inoculated with the tolerant strain. Nodules showed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production when exposed to Cd. The histological structure of the nodules exposed to Cd revealed a deposit of unknown material on the cortex and a significant reduction in the infection zone diameter in both strains, and a greater number of uninfected cells in those nodules occupied by the sensitive strain. In conclusion, Cd negatively impacts on peanut-bradyrhizobia interaction, irrespective of the tolerance of the strains to this metal. However, the inoculation of peanut with Bradyrhizobium sp. NLH25 results in a better symbiotic interaction suggesting that the tolerance observed in this strain could limit Cd accumulation by the plant.