尼泊尔菖蒲精油的化学成分、植物毒性及生物活性

Chemical compositions, phytotoxicity, and biological activities of Acorus calamus essential oils from Nepal.

作者信息

Satyal Prabodh, Paudel Prajwal, Poudel Ambika, Dosoky Noura S, Moriarity Debra M, Vogler Bernhard, Setzer William N

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA.

出版信息

Nat Prod Commun. 2013 Aug;8(8):1179-81.

PMID:24079199

Abstract

Four essential oils from the leaf (P23) and rhizomes (P19, P22, P24) of Acorus calamus L., collected from various parts of Nepal, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. From a total of 61 peaks, 57 compounds were identified among the four essential oils accounting for 94.3%, 96.2%, 97.6%, and 94.1% of the oils, respectively. All of the essential oils were dominated by (Z)-asarone (78.1%-86.9%). The essential oils also contained (E)-asarone (1.9%-9.9%) and small amounts of gamma-asarone (2.0-2.3%), (Z)-methyl isoeugenol (1.5-2.0%), and linalool (0.2-4.3%). Allelopathic testing of the rhizome oil showed inhibition of seed germination of Lactuca sativa and Lolium perenne with IC50 values of 450 and 737 microg/mL, respectively. The rhizome essential oil demonstrated stronger seedling growth inhibition of L. perenne than of L. sativa, however. The rhizome oil also showed notable brine shrimp lethality (LC50 = 9.48 microg/mL), cytotoxic activity (92.2% kill on MCF-7 cells at 100 microg/mL), and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC = 19.5 microg/mL).

摘要

从尼泊尔各地采集的菖蒲叶（P23）和根茎（P19、P22、P24）中提取了四种精油，通过水蒸馏法获得，并采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪进行分析。在总共61个峰中，四种精油中共鉴定出57种化合物，分别占精油的94.3%、96.2%、97.6%和94.1%。所有精油均以（Z）-细辛脑为主（78.1%-86.9%）。精油中还含有（E）-细辛脑（1.9%-9.9%）以及少量的γ-细辛脑（2.0 - 2.3%）、（Z）-甲基异丁香酚（1.5 - 2.0%）和芳樟醇（0.2 - 4.3%）。根茎精油的化感测试表明，它对莴苣和黑麦草种子萌发有抑制作用，IC50值分别为450和737μg/mL。然而，根茎精油对黑麦草幼苗生长的抑制作用比对莴苣更强。根茎精油还表现出显著的卤虫致死性（LC50 = 9.48μg/mL）、细胞毒性活性（在100μg/mL时对MCF - 7细胞的杀伤率为92.2%）以及对黑曲霉的抗真菌活性（MIC = 19.5μg/mL）。