Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
Molecules. 2013 May 15;18(5):5684-96. doi: 10.3390/molecules18055684.
The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of Acorus calamus rhizomes, its insecticidal activity against the booklouse, (Liposcelis bostrychophila) and to isolate any insecticidal constituents from the essential oil. The essential oil of A. calamus rhizomes was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 32 components of the essential oil of A. calamus rhizomes was identified and the principal compounds in the essential oil were determined to be α-asarone (50.09%), (E)-methylisoeugenol (14.01%), and methyleugenol (8.59%), followed by β-asarone (3.51%), α-cedrene (3.09%) and camphor (2.42%). Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, the three active constituents were isolated from the essential oil and identified as methyleugenol, (E)-methylisoeugenol and α-asarone. The essential oil exhibited contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila with an LD50 value of 100.21 µg/cm2 while three constituent compounds, α-asarone, methyleugenol, and (E)-methylisoeugenol had LD50 values of 125.73 µg/cm2, 103.22 µg/cm2 and 55.32 µg/cm2, respectively. Methyleugenol and (E)-methylisoeugenol possessed fumigant toxicity against L. bostrychophila adults with LC50 values of 92.21 μg/L air and 143.43 μg/L air, respectively, while the crude essential oil showed an LC50 value of 392.13 μg/L air. The results indicate that the essential oil of A. calamus rhizomes and its constituent compounds have potential for development into natural fumigants/insecticides for control of the booklice.
本研究旨在确定菖蒲根茎精油的化学成分、对书虱（Liposcelis bostrychophila）的杀虫活性，并从精油中分离出任何具有杀虫活性的成分。采用水蒸馏法从菖蒲根茎中提取精油，并用 GC-FID 和 GC-MS 进行分析。鉴定出菖蒲根茎精油的 32 种成分，精油中的主要化合物为α-细辛脑（50.09%）、（E）-甲基异丁香酚（14.01%）和甲基丁香酚（8.59%），其次为β-细辛脑（3.51%）、α-雪松烯（3.09%）和樟脑（2.42%）。基于生物活性导向的分段分离，从精油中分离出三种活性成分，鉴定为甲基丁香酚、（E）-甲基异丁香酚和α-细辛脑。精油对书虱表现出接触毒性，LD50 值为 100.21 µg/cm2，而三种成分化合物α-细辛脑、甲基丁香酚和（E）-甲基异丁香酚的 LD50 值分别为 125.73 µg/cm2、103.22 µg/cm2和 55.32 µg/cm2。甲基丁香酚和（E）-甲基异丁香酚对书虱成虫具有熏杀毒性，LC50 值分别为 92.21 µg/L 空气和 143.43 µg/L 空气，而粗提精油的 LC50 值为 392.13 µg/L 空气。结果表明，菖蒲根茎精油及其成分化合物具有开发为防治书虱的天然熏蒸剂/杀虫剂的潜力。
