Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Jan 15;468-469:943-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.058. Epub 2013 Sep 28.
Salinization of rivers resulting from industrial discharge or road-deicing can adversely affect macroinvertebrates. Trait-based approaches are a promising tool in ecological monitoring and may perform better than taxonomy-based approaches. However only little is known how and which biological traits are affected by salinization. We investigated the effects of anthropogenic salinization on macroinvertebrate communities and biological traits in the Werra River, Germany and compared the taxonomic and trait response. We found a change in macroinvertebrate community and trait composition. Communities at saline sites were characterized by the three exotic species Gammarus tigrinus, Apocorophium lacustre and Potamopyrgus antipodarum. The frequencies of trait modalities long life cycle duration, respiration by gill, ovoviviparity, shredder and multivoltinism were statistically significantly increased at saline sites. The trait-based ordination resulted in a higher explained variance than the taxonomy-based ordination, indicating a better performance of the trait-based approach, resulting in a better discrimination between saline and non-saline sites. Our results are in general agreement with other studies from Europe, indicating a trait convergence for saline streams, being dominated by the traits ovoviviparity and multivoltinism. Three further traits (respiration by gill, life cycle duration and shredders) responded strongly to salinization, but this may primarily be attributed to the dominance of a single invasive species, G. tigrinus, at the saline sites in the Werra River.
河流的盐碱化是由工业排放或道路除冰造成的，会对大型无脊椎动物产生不利影响。基于特征的方法是生态监测的一种有前途的工具，可能比基于分类学的方法表现更好。然而，人们对盐碱化如何以及哪些生物特征受到影响知之甚少。我们研究了人为盐碱化对德国韦拉河大型无脊椎动物群落和生物特征的影响，并比较了分类学和特征响应。我们发现大型无脊椎动物群落和特征组成发生了变化。在盐碱化地区，三种外来物种（Gammarus tigrinus、Apocorophium lacustre 和 Potamopyrgus antipodarum）的群落特征明显。寿命长、鳃呼吸、卵胎生、碎食者和多化性等特征模态的频率在盐碱化地区有统计学意义上的增加。基于特征的排序比基于分类学的排序产生了更高的解释方差，表明基于特征的方法表现更好，能够更好地区分盐碱化和非盐碱化地区。我们的研究结果与欧洲其他研究结果基本一致，表明盐碱溪流的特征趋同，主要表现为卵胎生和多化性。另外三个特征（鳃呼吸、生命周期持续时间和碎食者）对盐碱化反应强烈，但这可能主要归因于 G. tigrinus 单一入侵物种在韦拉河盐碱化地区的主导地位。
