Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, CA , USA .
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2014 Mar;34(1):89-100. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2013.823596. Epub 2013 Oct 1.
The limited regenerative capacity of articular cartilage and deficiencies of current treatments have motivated the investigation of new repair technologies. In vitro cartilage generation using primary cell sources is limited by cell availability and expansion potential. Pluripotent stem cells possess the capacity for chondrocytic differentiation and extended expansion, providing a potential future solution to cell-based cartilage regeneration. However, despite successes in producing cartilage using adult and embryonic stem cells, the translation of these technologies to the clinic has been severely limited. This review discusses recent advances in stem cell-based cartilage tissue engineering and the major current limitations to clinical translation of these products. Concerns regarding appropriate animal models and studies, stem cell manufacturing, and relevant regulatory processes and guidelines will be addressed. Understanding the significant hurdles limiting the clinical use of stem cell-based cartilage may guide future developments in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
关节软骨的再生能力有限，当前治疗方法的不足，促使人们研究新的修复技术。使用原代细胞来源的体外软骨生成受到细胞可用性和扩增潜力的限制。多能干细胞具有软骨细胞分化和扩展扩增的能力，为基于细胞的软骨再生提供了潜在的未来解决方案。然而，尽管使用成体和胚胎干细胞在产生软骨方面取得了成功，但这些技术向临床的转化受到了严重限制。本综述讨论了基于干细胞的软骨组织工程的最新进展，以及这些产品向临床转化的主要当前限制。将讨论与适当的动物模型和研究、干细胞制造以及相关监管程序和准则有关的问题。了解限制基于干细胞的软骨临床应用的重大障碍，可以指导组织工程和再生医学领域的未来发展。
