Doran Pauline M
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1340:3-21. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2938-2_1.
Many technologies that underpin tissue engineering as a research field were developed with the aim of producing functional human cartilage in vitro. Much of our practical experience with three-dimensional cultures, tissue bioreactors, scaffold materials, stem cells, and differentiation protocols was gained using cartilage as a model system. Despite these advances, however, generation of engineered cartilage matrix with the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of mature articular cartilage has not yet been achieved. Currently, the major obstacles to synthesis of clinically useful cartilage constructs are our inability to control differentiation to the extent needed, and the failure of engineered and host tissues to integrate after construct implantation. The aim of this chapter is to distil from the large available body of literature the seminal approaches and experimental techniques developed for cartilage tissue engineering and to identify those specific areas requiring further research effort.
作为一个研究领域，组织工程学所依赖的许多技术都是为了在体外培育出功能性人体软骨而开发的。我们在三维培养、组织生物反应器、支架材料、干细胞和分化方案方面的许多实践经验都是以软骨作为模型系统获得的。然而，尽管取得了这些进展，但尚未成功生成具有成熟关节软骨的组成、结构和力学性能的工程化软骨基质。目前，合成临床上有用的软骨构建体的主要障碍在于我们无法在所需程度上控制分化，以及工程化组织与宿主组织在构建体植入后无法整合。本章的目的是从大量现有文献中提炼出为软骨组织工程开发的开创性方法和实验技术，并确定那些需要进一步研究的特定领域。
