School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
J Affect Disord. 2013 Dec;151(3):831-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.016. Epub 2013 Aug 3.
Bipolar (BP) disorder has been linked to creativity following investigation of prominent artists and controlled trials of creativity in BP disorder patients. However, it is unclear whether creativity is differentially expressed across the BP I and BP II subtypes.
219 patients (aged 19-63 years) diagnosed with BP disorder by clinical interview and DSM-IV criteria were asked whether they tended to be more creative during hypo/manic episodes, and answered five questions about personality styles associated with creativity. Qualitative analyses were performed on a smaller subset of 69 BP patients (n=19 BP I, n=50 BP II) who provided written responses of the types of creative activities engaged in when hypo/manic and any perceived advantages or disadvantages of their creative pursuits.
82% of BP patients affirmed being creative when hypo/manic, with comparable results for the BP I and BP II subtypes (84% and 81% respectively). Both BP subtypes engaged mostly in writing, painting, work or business ideas and 'other' forms of art; however BP II patients were more likely to draw and be musical. Both subgroups reported the consequences of feeling good, being productive or quitting their project. BP I patients were more likely to overspend during their creative highs while BP II patients were more likely to experience improved focus and clarity. BP patients affirming creative highs were significantly more likely to report creative personality styles more generally outside of a mood episode.
BP patients' self-reported creative activities were not retrospectively judged for quality or originality and so may reflect common creative abilities rather than exceptional quality. The impact of depressive episodes on creativity was not assessed. Uneven sample sizes in the BP I and BP II subgroups may have compromised statistical power.
Creativity during hypo/manic episodes was extremely common in both BP subtypes. While some nuances in activity type and outcomes were observed, no significant creative phenotype specific to BP I or BP II disorder emerged.
在对杰出艺术家进行调查和对双相情感障碍（BP）患者的创造力进行对照试验后，发现 BP 与创造力有关。然而，目前尚不清楚创造力在 BP I 型和 BP II 型亚型中是否有差异表达。
通过临床访谈和 DSM-IV 标准诊断为 BP 障碍的 219 名患者（年龄 19-63 岁）被问及他们在轻躁狂/躁狂发作期间是否更具创造力，并回答了五个与创造力相关的人格风格问题。对较小的 69 名 BP 患者（n=19 BP I，n=50 BP II）进行了定性分析，这些患者提供了他们在轻躁狂/躁狂时从事的创造性活动类型的书面回复，以及他们对创造性追求的任何优势或劣势的看法。
82%的 BP 患者在轻躁狂/躁狂时肯定自己具有创造力，BP I 型和 BP II 型的结果相似（分别为 84%和 81%）。两种 BP 亚型都主要从事写作、绘画、工作或商业创意和“其他”形式的艺术活动；然而，BP II 型患者更倾向于绘画和音乐。两个亚组都报告了感觉良好、富有成效或放弃项目的后果。BP I 型患者在创作高峰期更有可能过度消费，而 BP II 型患者更有可能提高注意力和清晰度。在心境发作之外，肯定创作高峰期的 BP 患者更有可能报告具有创造性的人格风格。
BP 患者自我报告的创作活动没有回顾性地判断质量或原创性，因此可能反映了常见的创作能力，而不是特殊的高质量。抑郁发作对创造力的影响未被评估。BP I 型和 BP II 型亚组的样本量不均可能会影响统计效力。
在两种 BP 亚型中，轻躁狂/躁狂发作期间的创造力都非常普遍。虽然观察到活动类型和结果存在一些细微差别，但没有出现特定于 BP I 型或 BP II 型障碍的明显创造性表型。
