Kanno O, Clarenbach P
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1985 Jun;60(6):478-84. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(85)91107-1.
An all-night polygraphic study of sleep was carried out in 6 healthy volunteers acutely medicated with clonidine (225 micrograms), yohimbine (15 mg), a combination of both drugs or with placebo at random order under simple blind conditions. The conventional scoring of sleep stages was extended by an on-line analysis of the EEG according to Hjorth. Clonidine, an agonist at alpha2 receptors, induced increases of the stages 2 and 3 + 4 but a decrease of REM sleep; the reduction of the parameters mobility and complexity during non-REM sleep signified synchronization of the EEG. Yohimbine, an antagonist at the same receptor sites, enhancing noradrenaline release, increased stage 1 and REM sleep, but decreased the stages 2 and 3 + 4; increases of mobility during REM and non-REM sleep signified desynchronization. The combined treatment with clonidine + yohimbine reduced REM sleep, but not as extensively as clonidine alone; the Hjorth parameters were without significant alterations compared to placebo. The physiological hypotonia was enhanced by clonidine and the combined treatment with clonidine + yohimbine. These results favour the hypothesis of a noradrenergic facilitation of REM sleep.
在简单盲法条件下，对6名健康志愿者进行了一项通宵睡眠多导记录研究。这些志愿者被随机给予可乐定（225微克）、育亨宾（15毫克）、两种药物的组合或安慰剂，并进行急性药物治疗。根据约尔特（Hjorth）方法对脑电图进行在线分析，从而扩展了睡眠阶段的传统评分。α2受体激动剂可乐定可使2期和3 + 4期睡眠增加，但快速眼动（REM）睡眠减少；非快速眼动睡眠期间活动度和复杂度参数的降低表明脑电图同步。同一受体位点的拮抗剂育亨宾可增强去甲肾上腺素释放，增加1期和快速眼动睡眠，但减少2期和3 + 4期睡眠；快速眼动和非快速眼动睡眠期间活动度的增加表明去同步化。可乐定 + 育亨宾联合治疗可减少快速眼动睡眠，但程度不如单独使用可乐定；与安慰剂相比，约尔特参数无显著变化。可乐定以及可乐定 + 育亨宾联合治疗可增强生理性肌张力减退。这些结果支持去甲肾上腺素能促进快速眼动睡眠的假说。
