Safe venepuncture techniques using a vacuum tube system.

The purpose of this study was to determine safe techniques of performing blood collection using an evacuated tube system, particularly with regard to manipulation of the equipment and at the puncture site. Careful observation of the procedure was used to collect data for evaluating the various venepuncture techniques. Nurses were digitally videotaped performing simulated venepuncture. A self-administered questionnaire and unstructured observation of a videotaped recording were evaluated, and valid responses were analyzed from participants who performed venepuncture using various techniques. The participants who changed hands during the procedure were older than those who did not change hands. Needle movements during puncture and insertion, including rotation and insertion in a wave-like trajectory, were observed. Appropriate training, including recommendations for maintaining the stability of the needle tip, is important to ensure safety when performing venepuncture. Movement of the needle should not place too much pressure on the puncture site.