Novak Margaret L, Koh Timothy J
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Am J Pathol. 2013 Nov;183(5):1352-1363. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.034. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
Macrophages are essential for the efficient healing of numerous tissues, and they contribute to impaired healing and fibrosis. Tissue repair proceeds through overlapping phases of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, and macrophages are present throughout this progression. Macrophages exhibit transitions in phenotype and function as tissue repair progresses, although the precise factors regulating these transitions remain poorly defined. In efficiently healing injuries, macrophages present during a given stage of repair appear to orchestrate transition into the next phase and, in turn, can promote debridement of the injury site, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and matrix remodeling. However, dysregulated macrophage function can contribute to failure to heal or fibrosis in several pathological situations. This review will address current knowledge of the origins and functions of macrophages during the progression of tissue repair, with emphasis on skin and skeletal muscle. Dysregulation of macrophages in disease states and therapies targeting macrophage activation to promote tissue repair are also discussed.
巨噬细胞对于许多组织的有效愈合至关重要，同时它们也会导致愈合受损和纤维化。组织修复通过炎症、增殖和重塑等重叠阶段进行，巨噬细胞在整个过程中都存在。随着组织修复的进展，巨噬细胞的表型和功能会发生转变，尽管调节这些转变的精确因素仍不清楚。在有效愈合的损伤中，在修复的特定阶段出现的巨噬细胞似乎协调向下一阶段的转变，进而可促进损伤部位的清创、细胞增殖和血管生成、胶原蛋白沉积以及基质重塑。然而，在几种病理情况下，巨噬细胞功能失调会导致愈合失败或纤维化。本综述将阐述组织修复过程中巨噬细胞的起源和功能的当前知识，重点是皮肤和骨骼肌。还将讨论疾病状态下巨噬细胞的失调以及针对巨噬细胞激活以促进组织修复的疗法。
