European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK; Aquatic Pests and Pathogens Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
Trends Parasitol. 2013 Nov;29(11):567-78. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.08.005. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
Microsporidia cause important diseases in aquatic organisms. Susceptible hosts span a remarkable taxonomic spectrum, from protists to mammals. Known genera represent a small fraction of extant taxa in global aquatic systems. Transmitting horizontally or vertically, effects range from cryptic to catastrophic; individual level effects being extrapolated to populations and ecosystems. Debate over positioning within the eukaryotes and internal structuring of the phylum has benefited from molecular phylogenetic approaches to taxonomy. Similar tools offer new perspectives on transmission between hosts of differing trophic status and habitats. Accessible models for host-pathogen interaction are emerging from full genome sequencing projects. Hyperparasitism and the close phylogenetic relationship between taxa infecting invertebrates and vertebrates not only underline a ubiquity in aquatic systems but also potential for zoonotic transfer.
微孢子虫在水生生物中引起重要疾病。易感宿主跨越了显著的分类学范围，从原生动物到哺乳动物。已知的属只代表了全球水生系统中现存分类群的一小部分。水平或垂直传播，其影响范围从隐匿到灾难性；个体水平的影响被推断到种群和生态系统。在真核生物中的定位和门的内部结构的争论，得益于分子系统发育分类学方法。类似的工具为不同营养级和生境的宿主之间的传播提供了新的视角。从全基因组测序项目中出现了宿主-病原体相互作用的可及模型。重寄生现象和感染无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的类群之间的密切系统发育关系不仅强调了水生系统中的普遍性，还强调了潜在的人畜共患病转移。
