CNRS, Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, UPR20, route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
Science. 2013 Nov 1;342(6158):601-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1241912. Epub 2013 Oct 3.
Quantum physics predicts that there is a fundamental maximum heat conductance across a single transport channel and that this thermal conductance quantum, G(Q), is universal, independent of the type of particles carrying the heat. Such universality, combined with the relationship between heat and information, signals a general limit on information transfer. We report on the quantitative measurement of the quantum-limited heat flow for Fermi particles across a single electronic channel, using noise thermometry. The demonstrated agreement with the predicted G(Q) establishes experimentally this basic building block of quantum thermal transport. The achieved accuracy of below 10% opens access to many experiments involving the quantum manipulation of heat.
量子物理学预测，在单个传输通道中存在一个基本的最大热导率，并且这个热导率量子 G(Q) 是通用的，与携带热量的粒子类型无关。这种通用性，结合了热与信息之间的关系，表明了信息传递的一般限制。我们使用噪声测温法报告了费米子通过单个电子通道的量子限制热流的定量测量。与预测的 G(Q) 的演示一致性在实验上确立了量子热传输的这个基本构建块。实现的低于 10%的精度为涉及热的量子操纵的许多实验打开了大门。
